如:
The students work very hard.
學(xué)生們學(xué)習很努力。
She apologized to me again.
她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.
事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。
Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Link. V(系動(dòng)詞) + Predicate(表語(yǔ))
這種句型中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類(lèi):
(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如:
Several players lay flat on the playground.
幾個(gè)隊員平躺在操場(chǎng)上。
We should remain modest and prudent any time.
我們在任何時(shí)候都應該保持謙虛謹慎。
This kind of food tastes terrible.
這種食物吃起來(lái)很糟糕。
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.
這幅畫(huà)在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示轉變或結果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如:
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
春天到了,天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。
Don't have the food. It has gone bad.
不要吃那種食物,已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
Subject(主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ)) + Object (賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應為及物動(dòng)詞或者可以后接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。同時(shí),句子中有時(shí)含有與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)的狀語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的成分常是:名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。如:
You can put the books in your bag.
你可以把書(shū)放在書(shū)包里。
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.
我們這里的農民種很多種蔬菜。
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.
她失去了在舞臺上露面的機會(huì )。
I prefer to make web pages.
我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁(yè)。
Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+ Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))+Direct object (直接賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指“人”,直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物”。如:
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父親給她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)作為生日禮物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在給孩子們講長(cháng)征中的故事。這種句型還可轉換為其他兩種句型:1)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + for sb.; 2)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)+to sb.。如:
Please show me your picture.
。璓lease show your picture to me.
請把你的畫(huà)給我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you dont lose heart.
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心,我會(huì )給你提供機會(huì )的。
Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb (動(dòng)詞)+Object (賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補語(yǔ))
這種句型中的賓語(yǔ)+ 補語(yǔ)可統稱(chēng)為“復合賓語(yǔ)”。擔任補語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如:
Keep the children quiet, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來(lái)。
He painted the wall white.
他把墻漆成白色。
We found him an honest person.
我們發(fā)現他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。
His mother told him not to play on the street.
他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。
注意:動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補時(shí),不帶to。如:
The boss made him do the work all day.
老板讓他整天做那項工作。