- 相關(guān)推薦
代詞及練習(含答案)
代詞及練習(含答案)
第11章 代詞
一.概念:
代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。
二.相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講
1.人稱(chēng)代詞
1)人稱(chēng)代詞的人稱(chēng)、數和格，如下表所示。
2)人稱(chēng)代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語(yǔ)，賓格作賓語(yǔ)。如：
I like table tennis. （作主語(yǔ)）
Do you knowhim?（作賓語(yǔ)）
3)人稱(chēng)代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如：
---Whos is knocking at the door?
---It’s me.
4)人稱(chēng)代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如：
He is older than me.
He is older thanI am.
2. 物主代詞
1)表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性
物主代詞，如下表所示。
2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如：
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語(yǔ)）
--- Is this English-book yours? （作表語(yǔ)）
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語(yǔ)）
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。
1) this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those
則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如：
This is a pen andthat is a pencil．
We are busy these days．
Inthose days the workers had a hard time．
2)有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講
到的事物，例如：
I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English．
3)有時(shí)為了避免重復提到的名詞，�？捎胻hat或those代替，例如：
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．
4)this 在電話(huà)用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that 則代表對方。例如：
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代詞
英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"
等意義的代詞稱(chēng)為反身代詞，也有人稱(chēng)之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。
1)作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人
或一些人。
He called himself a writer．
Would you please express yourself in English?
2)作表語(yǔ)。
It doesn't matter．I'll be myself soon．
The girl in the news is myself．
3)作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示親自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)）
You should ask the teacher himself．（作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)）
三.鞏固練習
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
A.
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全 第十一章 代詞 (2)
2007-01-12 點(diǎn)擊數:2292
5. 不定代詞
不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表
語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)�，F將幾個(gè)常用的不定代詞舉例說(shuō)明如下：
1)some與any的區別
�、賡ome多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動(dòng)詞；②可數名詞+復數動(dòng)詞。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
. Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
�、赼ny多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動(dòng)詞；②可數名詞+復數動(dòng)詞。
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle.
Have you got any tea?
�、踑ny和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?
I can't see any.
If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
注意：與some, any結合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。
2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區別
�、儆米餍稳菰~：
含義
用法
表示肯定
表示否定
用于可數名詞
a few雖少，但有幾個(gè)
few不多，幾乎沒(méi)有
用于不可數名詞
a little，雖少，但有一點(diǎn)
little不多，沒(méi)有什么
I'm going to buy a few apples.
He can speak only a little Chinese.
There is only a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little money with them.
�、赼 little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級)
She slept very little last night.
3)other, the other, another, others, the others的區別。
用 法
代名詞
形容詞
單數
復數
單數
復數
不定
another
另一個(gè)
others
別人，其他人
another (boy)
另一個(gè)（男孩）
other (boys)
其他男孩
特定
the other
另一個(gè)
the others
其余那些人、物
the other (boy)
另一個(gè)男孩
the other (boys)
其余那些男孩
�、賝ther可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數或復數名詞，意思是“其他的、別
的”。
Where are his other books?
I haven't any other books except this one.
�、趏ther也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構成“the other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one搭配構成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
�、踥ther作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復數“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構成“some ...., others ...”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
�、堋皌he others”表示特指某范圍內的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
�、輆nother可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞one.
You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?
�、轪nother也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.
4)every與each的區別。
each
every
1)可單獨使用
1)不可單獨使用
2)可做代名詞、形容詞
2)僅作形容詞
3)著(zhù)重“個(gè)別”
3)著(zhù)重“全體”，毫無(wú)例外
4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物
4)用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物
The teacher gave a toy to each child.
Each ball has a different colour.
當我們說(shuō)each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當我們說(shuō)every child和every student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.
5)all和both的用法。
�、賏ll指三者以上，或不可數的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數，也可以用作復數。在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語(yǔ)）
= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位語(yǔ))
All the water has been used up. (作主語(yǔ))
That's all for today. (作表語(yǔ))
Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ))
All the leaders are here. (作定語(yǔ))
�、赽oth作代詞。
a.與其他名詞或代詞并列出現，表示“兩個(gè)都”。
Lucy and Lily both agree with us.
They both passed on their sticks at the same time.
How are your parents? They're both fine.
b.與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。
Both of them came to see Mary.
Both of the books are very interesting.
c.單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。
Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.
�、踒oth用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。
Both his younger sisters are our classmates.
. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.
6. 相互代詞
表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當代英語(yǔ)中，each other和one another沒(méi)有什么區別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，相互代詞用所有格形式。
We should learn from each other / one another. （作賓語(yǔ)）
Do you often write to each other / one another? （作賓語(yǔ)）
We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定語(yǔ)）
The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.
�。ㄗ鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)）
7. 疑問(wèn)代詞
疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑
問(wèn)句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：
Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語(yǔ)）
What is that? (作表語(yǔ))
Whose umbrella is this? (作定語(yǔ))
Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語(yǔ))
8.關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞是一種引導從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ). 在主句中,它們還代表著(zhù)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞。例如：
I hate people who talk much but do little.
I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.
With the moneythat he had saved, he went on with his studies.
Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?
三.鞏固練習
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs
四.答案
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C
三十五個(gè)經(jīng)典句型 幫你過(guò)寫(xiě)作關(guān)（英語(yǔ)四級）
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
~~~ the most + 形容詞 + 名詞 + (that) + 主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.
海倫是我所看過(guò)最美麗的女孩。
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
張老師是我曾經(jīng)遇到最仁慈的教師。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
Nothing is + more + 形容詞 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education.
沒(méi)有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.
�。ㄔ僭趺磸娬{...的重要性也不為過(guò)。）
例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎么強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過(guò)。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否認的...）
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
不可否認的，我們的生活品質(zhì)已經(jīng)每況愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ （全世界都知道...）
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道樹(shù)木對我們是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ （毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的...）
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的我們的教育制度令人不滿(mǎn)意。
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是...）
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won‘t create (produce) any pollution.
使用太陽(yáng)能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不會(huì )制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 （...的原因是...）
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我們必須種樹(shù)的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。
九、So + 形容詞 + be + 主詞 + that + 句子 （如此...以致于...）
例句：So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste it.
時(shí)間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費它。
十、Adj + as + Subject（主詞）+ be, S + V~~~ （雖然...）
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一點(diǎn)也不}
雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質(zhì)絕對令人不滿(mǎn)意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~（愈...愈...）
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你愈努力，你愈進(jìn)步。
The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我們書(shū)讀愈多，我們愈有學(xué)問(wèn)。
十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ （借著(zhù)...，..能夠..）
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
借著(zhù)做運動(dòng)，我們能夠始終保持健康。
十三、~~~ enable + Object（受詞）+ to + V （..使..能夠..）
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
聽(tīng)音樂(lè )使我們能夠感覺(jué)輕松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ （我們絕對不能...）
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我們絕對不能忽略知識的價(jià)值。
十五、It is time + S + 過(guò)去式 （該是...的時(shí)候了）
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
該是有關(guān)當局采取適當的措施來(lái)解決交通問(wèn)題的時(shí)候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ （...的人...）
例句：Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
違反交通規定的人應該受處罰。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ （沒(méi)有人不...）
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college.
沒(méi)有人不渴望上大學(xué)。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V （不得不...）
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運動(dòng)。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 （可想而知的）
It is obvious that + 句子 （明顯的）
It is apparent that + 句子 （顯然的）
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知識在我們的一生中扮演一個(gè)重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ （那就是...的原因）
例句：Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don‘t like it.
夏天很燠熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 時(shí)間，S + 現在完成式...（過(guò)去...年來(lái)，...一直...）
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination.
過(guò)去兩年來(lái)，我一直忙著(zhù)準備考試。
二十二、Since + S + 過(guò)去式，S + 現在完成式。
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
自從他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others.
幫助別人是值得的。
二十四、be based on （以...為基礎）
例句：The progress of thee society is based on harmony.
社會(huì )的進(jìn)步是以和諧為基礎的。
二十五、Spare no effort to + V （不遺余力的）
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我們應該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 （讓...明白...事）
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我們應該讓人們明白努力的價(jià)值。
二十七、be closely related to ~~ （與...息息相關(guān)）
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health.
做運動(dòng)與健康息息相關(guān)。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
= make it a rule to + V （養成...的習慣）
We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我們應該養成早睡早起的習慣。
二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ （因為...）
例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
因為他的鼓勵，我終于實(shí)現我的夢(mèng)想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...�。�
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守諾言是多么重要的事！
三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不滿(mǎn)意）
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我們的交通狀況令人不滿(mǎn)意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ （對...有很大的影響）
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽煙對我們的健康有很大的影響。
三十三、do good to （對...有益），do harm to （對...有害）
例句：Reading does good to our mind.讀書(shū)對心靈有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作過(guò)度對健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ （對...造成一大威脅）
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染對我們的生存造成一大威脅。
三十五、do one‘s utmost to + V = do one‘s best （盡全力去...）
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我們應盡全力去達成我們的人生目標。
常見(jiàn)標點(diǎn)符號的用法
句號 Period [.]
用以表示一個(gè)句子的結束
Hockey is a popular sport in Canada.
The federal government is based in Ottawa.
用在縮寫(xiě)中
B.C. is the province located on the West Coast.
Dr. Bethune was a Canadian who worked in China.
The company is located at 888 Bay St. in Toronto.
It is 4:00 p.m. in Halifax right now.
問(wèn)號 Question Mark [?]
在句子的結尾使用問(wèn)號表示是直接疑問(wèn)句：
How many provinces are there in Canada?
注意：在間接疑問(wèn)句結尾不要加問(wèn)號：
The teacher asked the class a question.
Do not ask me why.
嘆號 Exclamation Mark [!]
在句子的結尾使用嘆號表示驚訝、興奮等情緒：
We won the Stanley Cup!
The forest is on fire!
逗號 Comma [,]
句子中的停頓
Therefore, we should write a letter to the prime minister.
在疑問(wèn)句中引出說(shuō)話(huà)人：
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
排列三個(gè)或以上的名詞：
Ontario, Quebec, and B.C. are the three biggest provinces.
引出定語(yǔ)從句
Emily Carr, who was born in 1871, was a great painter.
單引號 Apostrophe [']
表示所有
This is David's computer.
These are the player's things. (things that belong to the player)
Note: 對于復數形式的名詞，只加'
These are the players' things. (things that belong to the players)
縮寫(xiě)I don't know how to fix it.
[NextPage]
引號Quotation Marks ["]
直接引出某人說(shuō)的話(huà)：
The prime minister said, "We will win the election."
"I can come today," she said, "but not tomorrow."
冒號Colon [:]
引出一系列名詞
There are three positions in hockey: goalie, defence, and forward.
引出一個(gè)較長(cháng)的引語(yǔ)
The prime minister said: "We will fight. We will not give up. We will win the next election."
分號Semicolon [;]
將兩個(gè)相關(guān)的句子連接起來(lái)
The festival is very popular; people from all over the world visit each year.
和逗號一同使用引出一系列名詞
The three biggest cities in Canada are Toronto, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; and Vancouver, B.C.
破折號Dash [-]
在一個(gè)句子前作總結
Mild, wet, and cloudy - these are the characteristics of weather in Vancouver.
在一個(gè)句子的前面或后面加入額外的注釋
The children - Pierre, Laura, and Ashley - went to the store. Most Canadians - but not all - voted in the last election.
表示某人在說(shuō)話(huà)過(guò)程中被打斷
The woman said, "I want to ask - " when the earthquake began to shake the room.
連字符Hyphen [-]
連接兩個(gè)單詞
sweet-smelling
fire-resistant
將前綴
anti-Canadian
non-contact
在數字中使用
one-quarter
twenty-three
英語(yǔ)六級詞匯與語(yǔ)法結構命題趨勢
詞匯命題趨勢
《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱修訂稿》對大學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎階段詞匯教學(xué)的較高要求(六級)規定如下：
領(lǐng)會(huì )式掌握的單詞為5，500個(gè)，其中復合式掌握的單詞為3，000個(gè)，以及由這些詞構成的常用詞組2000條(中學(xué)所掌握的單詞和詞組包括在內)，并具有按照構詞法識別生詞的能力，領(lǐng)會(huì )式掌握是指看到英語(yǔ)單詞能理解其詞義，復合式掌握是指能正確拼寫(xiě)單詞并掌握其基本詞義和用法。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級測試就是檢驗學(xué)生是否達到了較高要求。
在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級考試中，詞匯和語(yǔ)法同屬一個(gè)考試項目，考試時(shí)間為20分鐘，考試題數為30個(gè)，計分為每小題0.5分，其計15分。題目分配：30道題中，約60%(18道題)為詞和短語(yǔ)的用法，約40%(12道題)為語(yǔ)法結構�？梢�(jiàn)，與四級測試相比而言，六級更重視詞匯的測試�？荚嚪秶鸀榻虒W(xué)大綱詞匯表一至六級全部?jì)热�。測試詞匯量大約5000～5300個(gè)單詞及一定量的習語(yǔ)，涉及動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞和副詞等，目的是為了測試學(xué)生運用詞、短語(yǔ)的能力。
從歷年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級考試的試卷分析可以看出：詞匯測試主要集中在詞義的記憶與辨析、詞匯的搭配與用法等項目上，歸納起來(lái)，可大致分為下列幾種：?
1.同義、近義辨析題 詞匯區別是詞匯測試的一個(gè)重要方面，它主要是對同義詞或近義詞在含義與用法上進(jìn)行區別。這類(lèi)試題的選項是四個(gè)詞性相同、詞義相同或相近的詞。測試的目的在于檢測考生辨別詞義和運用詞匯的能力。詞匯區別一直是學(xué)生在學(xué)習英語(yǔ)過(guò)程中遇到的一大難題。這主要是由于他們沒(méi)有掌握漢英兩種語(yǔ)言在詞匯方面的差異，往往只注意英語(yǔ)的漢語(yǔ)釋義，而忽略了其本身的內在涵義和用法。 eg. The driver of the lorry sustained only minor to legs and arms. A. hurt B. wound C. harm D. injury 答案 D。餐車(chē)司機的腿和胳膊只受了一些輕傷。這道題測試考生對同義詞細微差別的辨別能力。四個(gè)選項中的名詞都含有“傷害”之意，但它們之間還有語(yǔ)義使用范圍上的細微差別。hurt多指“感情、精神”上的傷害。wound多指由槍炮等武器所造成的傷害。harm指危害、害傷。injury指在事故、戰爭中所受的傷害。根據題意，答案應選D。
2.近形詞匯題 英語(yǔ)詞匯中，有一些拼寫(xiě)很相似，但它們的詞義或詞性卻不同。英語(yǔ)六級考試的一條重要命題規律就是用形近詞來(lái)干擾考生作出正確選擇。其目的是要檢測考生辨別詞形和運用詞匯的能力。如果考生平時(shí)不善于對形近詞進(jìn)行自覺(jué)的對比，對它們的差異不甚了解，那就會(huì )在答題時(shí)緋徊不定，難以作出正確的選擇，甚至張冠李戴。? eg.Though the long term cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee. A.affect B.effect C.effort D.afford 答案 B。盡管工程的遠期效果還無(wú)法預測，委員會(huì )還是批準了這項工程。這四個(gè)詞拼寫(xiě)相似，但它們的詞義或詞性卻不同。affect動(dòng)詞，意為“影響”；effect為名詞，意為“效果”；effort名詞，意為“努力”；afford動(dòng)詞，意為“負擔得起；提供”。掌握了它們之間的這些差異，你會(huì )毫不猶豫地選擇B。
3.詞組與習慣用法辨析題 1)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的難點(diǎn)之一，它是由動(dòng)詞+副詞、動(dòng)詞+介詞、動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞幾種方式構成的慣用組合，具有自己獨特的意義。其意義、語(yǔ)法、用法等常使考生感到困難。首先，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的詞義不是動(dòng)詞和副詞、介詞等小品詞的簡(jiǎn)單組合，往往難以從字面上理解。其次，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的使用場(chǎng)合及范圍不易弄清楚。第三，同義、近義和反義的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)容易混淆。要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，必須學(xué)會(huì )使用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。測試動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的題目在詞匯題中占有很大的比例，其目的是測試考生辨別和運用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，尤其是同一動(dòng)詞所構成的不同動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的能力。? eg.The car won't start because the battery was ._______ A.run up B.run down C.run off D.run over 答案 B。蓄電池電力減弱了，因此汽車(chē)無(wú)法發(fā)動(dòng)起來(lái)。這是一個(gè)因果關(guān)系的句子�！捌�(chē)為什么發(fā)動(dòng)不起來(lái)?”原因是“電池電力減弱”。四個(gè)選項中，只有run down有“減弱”之意，其它三個(gè)選擇項與本句意思不合。run up表示“增長(cháng)”，run off“逃離”；run over“溢出”。如果考生掌握了這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的含義，就會(huì )作出正確的選擇了。?
2)習慣用語(yǔ)題 英語(yǔ)習語(yǔ)(English idiom)具有特有的、約定俗成的結構形式，如“步行”，可說(shuō)on foot,不說(shuō)by foot，而“乘車(chē)”要說(shuō)by bus,不說(shuō)on bus。再如anything but與nothing but兩個(gè)詞組意義完全不同anything but的基本意思是not at all,而nothing but的基本意思是only。英語(yǔ)中的習語(yǔ)令人眼花繚亂，其構成形式有的甚至無(wú)規律可循。它們通常由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞組成，不能任意拆開(kāi)。其意義常常不是單詞意義的簡(jiǎn)單結合，而是另外具有新的意義。因此，應把詞組作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)記。測試的目的是檢驗考生對常用詞組的理解和運用能力。? eg.Please don't stand in the kitchen door, you're ______ . A.in a way B.by the way C.in no way D.in the way 答案 D。不要站在廚房門(mén)口，你擋路了。這四個(gè)選擇項都是固定詞組，都有自己的含義。ina way表示“在某種程度上或某點(diǎn)上”；by the way“順便說(shuō)一下”；in no way“決不”；in the way表示“擋路，妨礙”；“阻止”。根據題意答案應為D。學(xué)生面對這些貌似雜亂無(wú)章，沒(méi)有規律可循的習慣表達法，一方面要廣讀多看，博詞強記；另一方面還要會(huì )尋找規律，學(xué)會(huì )歸納，避免機械記憶而事倍功半。 總而言之，解答詞匯題的先決條件是對詞匯的理解和辨析。因此考生平時(shí)要注意弄清楚詞的內涵和外部關(guān)系，尤其是要注意了解名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞彼此之間以及它們與介詞或副詞之間的搭配關(guān)系。與此同時(shí)，還要留心詞的慣用法，把習語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體儲存在腦海里。?
語(yǔ)法命題趨勢
語(yǔ)法結構是考生必須掌握的一個(gè)重要部分。在六級考試中，語(yǔ)法內容出現在詞語(yǔ)用法與語(yǔ)法結構這一部分(Vocabulary and Structure)。從以往考試的全真題來(lái)看，語(yǔ)法結構所占的比例略小于詞語(yǔ)用法，但數目相差并不多。語(yǔ)法測試要求考生根據題目所提供的某種線(xiàn)索，從給出的四個(gè)選擇項中選出在語(yǔ)法規則上、語(yǔ)意邏輯上及文體上與題干完全吻合的最佳答案。從內容上來(lái)看，語(yǔ)法部分的測試強調全面性，除略微偏重虛擬語(yǔ)氣外，教學(xué)大綱語(yǔ)法結構表中的其他語(yǔ)法項目幾乎都涉及到了。語(yǔ)法測試的另一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)是其特殊性，測試的重點(diǎn)多為語(yǔ)法項目中的特殊點(diǎn)，如虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if的省略與倒裝、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與完成體的搭配等。 因此，考生必須在全面、準確、透徹掌握基本語(yǔ)法項目的基礎上，進(jìn)一步鉆研其中特殊的疑難點(diǎn)，并輔以大量的練習，才能順利通過(guò)語(yǔ)法難關(guān)。 語(yǔ)法結構部分主要測試時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、主從復合句(定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等)、句法結構(強調句型、倒裝語(yǔ)序、獨立結構等)以及一致問(wèn)題、固定句型等內容�？忌枰⒁獾氖�，在開(kāi)始答題之前，一定要對選擇項及題干進(jìn)行認真的分析，辨明該題所要測試的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)以及出題者的測試意圖，只有這樣，在應試時(shí)才能做到心中有數，臨場(chǎng)不亂。
一般將來(lái)時(shí)(Simple Future Tense)
一般將來(lái)時(shí)也譯為單純將來(lái)時(shí)。
例A：I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
�。ㄈ缑魈煜掠晡揖筒粊�(lái)。）
例B：My brother will leave for the United States next week.
�。ㄎ业母绺缦滦瞧谝矫绹�。）
解說(shuō) 從句式我們可以了解一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達須借助于助動(dòng)詞“shall／will”。關(guān)于“shall／will”的用法，傳統文法談得很多，同時(shí)各文法學(xué)家的理論也不很一致。更重要的是英國人和美國人對“shall／will”的用法規則并不很一致，也不很?chē)乐�，所以本�?shū)擬只提供下面的五個(gè)規則，相信各位只要把下面這五個(gè)規則學(xué)通了，你的“shall／will”的用法就可以中規中矩了。
�、僬f(shuō)或寫(xiě)都盡量使用“I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …”的簡(jiǎn)縮形（如用法例2、3）。
�、谝磉_主語(yǔ)的“意志”，通常都用“will”（文法上稱(chēng)為意志將來(lái)。）
例A：I won't see him again.
�。ㄎ也辉敢庠俸退�(jiàn)面。）
例B：Who will go and help that poor old man?
�。ㄕl(shuí)愿意去幫助那個(gè)可憐的老人？）
Mary will . （瑪莉愿意。）
�、壅f(shuō)話(huà)者要把自己的“意志”表達或行使出去，通常用“shall”。
例A：You shall not do that again.
�。悴豢梢栽僮瞿菢拥氖�。）
例B：He shall return that book tomorrow.
�。魈焖仨毎涯潜緯�(shū)歸還。）
�、艿谝蝗朔Q(chēng)問(wèn)句使用“shall”。
例A：Shall I call you a taxi ?
�。ㄐ枰姨婺憬幸惠v出租車(chē)嗎？）
例B：Shall we tell her the truth ?
�。ㄎ覀兛梢园褜�(shí)情告訴她嗎？）
�、輪�(wèn)句是“Shall…?”，答句就用“shall ~”；問(wèn)句用“Will …？”，答句就用“will ~ ”。
例A：Shall you go to school tomorrow ?
�。忝魈祉氁蠈W(xué)去嗎？）
Yes, I shall . We'll have an exam .
�。ㄊ堑�，我必須去。我們明天有考試。）
例B：Will you go to school with me tomorrow?
�。魈炷阋灰臀乙坏廊W(xué)校？）
No, I won't . I'm going on a picnic.
�。ㄎ也灰�。我已定好要去郊游。）
注：Let's …”的附加疑問(wèn)通常使用“…, shall we ?”。
Let's have a rest, shall we?
�。ㄎ覀冃菹⒁幌�，怎樣？）
一般將來(lái)時(shí)除了使用“shall／will + V…”以外，也可以使用下列的幾種句式來(lái)表達。
1．be going to + V … （即將會(huì )……；打算將……）
例A：It is going to rain. Take an umbrella with you.
�。◣б话褌闳��？礃幼泳鸵掠炅�。）
例B：The Browns are going to move to Australia.
�。ú祭氏壬掖蛩氵w移到澳大利亞去。）
2．be about to + V （即將……，指緊接著(zhù)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。）
例：Let's wait a minute. He is about to arrive.
�。ㄎ覀兊纫幌�。他即將會(huì )到達。）
3．be + V-ing …（定于……，指接近的將來(lái)動(dòng)作。）
例：He is leaving for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
�。ㄋㄓ诿魈煸绯康较愀廴�。）
4．be + to V （定于……，指預定的將來(lái)動(dòng)作。）
例：She is to be here at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow.
�。ㄋㄓ诿鞒烤艜r(shí)到達這里。）
5．V-（e）s （定于……，指接近的將來(lái)動(dòng)作，但不如第3項主觀(guān)。）
例：He leaves for Hong Kong tomorrow morning.
�。ㄋㄓ诿魈煸绯康较愀廴��！c（3）項的區別在于（3）項的動(dòng)作是出自主語(yǔ)的決定，（5）項則不一定是出自主語(yǔ)的決定。）
常用于修飾一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning （afternoon, evening）, next + 時(shí)間 （next night, next Monday …, next week, month…, next summer…, next year）, in （the） future （將來(lái)），soon （不久之后），in +時(shí)間 （in five days——再過(guò)五天，in two weeks——再過(guò)二星期），etc.
Drilling Square
�、瘢堅谙铝懈黝}空格處填入shall或will。
1．You ______ not drive through a red light.
2．I ______ do everything for her.
3．______ you help me with this heavy bag, John?
4．______ I help you with that heavy bag, Madam?
5．Let's go and take a walk after dinner, ______ we?
6．"No one ______ leave the classroom if I haven't said Okay," said the teacher.
7．It ______ soon be over, I am sure.
8．Do what you ______ , but don't go out.
9．I ______ take you there with me, if it's OK with your mother.
10．Rain or shine, I ______ come.
�、颍堅谙铝懈黝}空格處就所設動(dòng)詞給予適當的將來(lái)時(shí)。
1．A：How do you want to go to Hualain, by air or by train?
B：I am not in a hurry this time, so I （1） take the train.
2．A：（2） （you like） to go to the game this afternoon?
B：I'd love to. Where （3） （we meet） ?
A：You just stay home and wait for me. I （4） drive my car there, so I （5） （pick） you up at about 1:30 .
3．A：It's a good dictionary . I （6） （buy） it, but I don't have money with me now.
B：Don't worry. I （7） （lend） you.
4．A：I hear Miss Chen （8） leave our school and teach in a bigger school in Taipei.
B：But the principal （校長(cháng)） （9） not let her go . He says she （10） teach at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher.
英語(yǔ)中有哪些基本句式
英語(yǔ)句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細觀(guān)察不外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變出多種復雜的英語(yǔ)句子。換言之，絕大多數英語(yǔ)句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下：
S十V主謂結構
S十V十F主系表結構
S十V十O主謂賓結構
S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結構
S十V十O十C 主謂賓補結構
說(shuō)明：S＝主語(yǔ)；V＝謂語(yǔ)；P＝表語(yǔ)；O＝賓語(yǔ)；O1＝間接賓語(yǔ)；O2＝直接賓語(yǔ)；C＝賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)
五個(gè)基本句式詳細解釋如下：
1．S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物動(dòng)詞，又叫自動(dòng)詞(vi．)。例如：
He runs quickly．
他跑得快。
They listened carefully．
他們聽(tīng)得很仔細。
He suffered from cold and hunger．
他挨凍受餓。
China belongs to the third world country．
中國屬于第三世界國家。
The gas has given out．
煤氣用完了。
My ink has run out．
我的鋼筆水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系動(dòng)詞(link v．)，常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks．
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book．
他似乎對這本書(shū)感興趣。
The story sounds interesting．
這個(gè)故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)有趣。
The desk feels hard．
書(shū)桌摸起來(lái)很硬。
The cake tastes nice．
餅嘗起來(lái)很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc．
花聞起來(lái)香甜。
You have grown taller than before．
你長(cháng)得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill．
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still．
他靜靜地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．
他長(cháng)大后當了教師。
He could never turn traitor to his country．
他永遠不會(huì )背叛他的祖國。
注意：有些動(dòng)詞同時(shí)也是及物動(dòng)詞，可構成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down．
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．
他伸出手來(lái)摸象。
They are tasting the fish．
他們在品嘗魚(yú)。
They grow rice in their home town．
他們在家鄉種水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on．
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English．
請把這個(gè)句于澤成英語(yǔ)。
3．S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物動(dòng)詞(vt．)，因此有賓語(yǔ)。例如：
I saw a film yesterday．
我昨天看了一部電影。
Have you read the story?
你讀過(guò)這個(gè)故事嗎?
They found their home easily．
他們很容易找到他們的家。
They built a house last year．
他們去年建了一所房子。
They‘ve put up a factory in the village．
他們在村里建了一座工廠(chǎng)。
They have taken good care of the children．
這些孩子他們照看得很好。
You should look after your children well．
你應該好好照看你的孩子。
4．S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的須帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me．
他給我一本書(shū)。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me．
他帶給我一枝鋼筆。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me．
他把座位讓給我。
注意下邊動(dòng)詞改寫(xiě)后介詞的變化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
媽媽給我買(mǎi)了一本書(shū)。
He got me a chair/a chair for me．
他給我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me．
請幫我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me．
他問(wèn)我個(gè)問(wèn)題。
注意，下邊動(dòng)詞只有一種說(shuō)法：
They robbed the old man of his money．
他們搶了老人的錢(qián)。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危險。
The doctor has cured him of his disease．
醫生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats．
我們必須趕走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak．
他們剝奪了他說(shuō)話(huà)的權利。
5．S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。常帶賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)的詞有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、不定式、現在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。
常見(jiàn)的可接賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多，哪些動(dòng)詞可接哪幾種形式作賓補，須根據動(dòng)詞的慣用法而定，不能統而概論。請看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry．
他們使這個(gè)女孩生氣了。
They found her happy that day．
他們發(fā)現那天她很高興。
I found him out．
我發(fā)現他出去了。
I saw him in．
我見(jiàn)他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand．
他們發(fā)現沙地上有腳印。
They named the boy Charlie．
他們給這個(gè)男孩起名為查理。
I saw him come in and go out．
我見(jiàn)他進(jìn)來(lái)又出去。
They felt the car moving fast．
他們感到汽車(chē)行駛得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now．
我剛才聽(tīng)到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him．
他發(fā)現研究所的大門(mén)對
他關(guān)閉了。
【代詞及練習(含答案)】相關(guān)文章：
《孫權勸學(xué)》課后練習含答案11-21
木蘭詩(shī)練習題含答案08-02
杜甫《恨別》閱讀練習含答案11-03
納蘭性德的浣溪沙練習含答案08-20
《魅力之謎》閱讀練習訓練含答案08-20
課外閱讀練習題含答案及解析08-08
《常想一二》散文閱讀練習題（含答案）09-24
桃花源記練習題含答案09-22
張耒《夏日三首(其一)》閱讀練習含答案08-08