課件定語(yǔ)從句
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關(guān)系代詞引導的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見(jiàn)你的.人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
2) Whose 用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))
關(guān)系副詞引導的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1)when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語(yǔ)從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過(guò)的地方。
判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:
。ㄥe) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
。ㄥe) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
。▽Γ This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
。▽Γ I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應選 擇關(guān)系副詞。
例如:(對)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
。▽Γ㊣s this the museum where the exhibition was held?
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