英語(yǔ)基本句型課件
導語(yǔ)：對于英語(yǔ)基本句型，各位同學(xué)要好好掌握哦。以下是小編整理的英語(yǔ)基本句型，供各位閱讀和參考。
5種英語(yǔ)基本句型
1. “主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞）”(即“主謂”句型)
這一句型英漢語(yǔ)言結構形式完全相同，說(shuō)明“某人或某物如何動(dòng)作”，或者說(shuō)“某人或某物自身怎樣運動(dòng)”。
例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.
分析：“they”（主語(yǔ)）“arrived”（謂語(yǔ)）。
2. “主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞） + 賓語(yǔ)”(即“主謂賓”句型)
這一句型英漢語(yǔ)言的結構形式完全相同，用以說(shuō)明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者說(shuō)“某人或某物發(fā)出了動(dòng)作，并且其動(dòng)作涉及到另一個(gè)人或物”。
例：I study English.
分析：“I”（主語(yǔ)）“study”（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作）“English”(賓語(yǔ)即動(dòng)作涉及的對象)。
3. “主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞） + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ)”(即“主謂雙賓”句型)
這一句型英漢語(yǔ)序結構相同，說(shuō)明“某人為誰(shuí)(間接賓語(yǔ)為人)做某事”，或者說(shuō)“某人或物的運動(dòng)涉及到兩個(gè)對象，其中一個(gè)間接對象為人，另一個(gè)為物”。
例：Our teacher taught us English.
分析：“our teacher”(主語(yǔ)) “taught”(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作)“us”(間接賓語(yǔ))“English”(直接賓語(yǔ))。
4. “主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞） + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)”(即“主謂賓賓補”句型)
這一句型說(shuō)明“某人或某物要求(使、讓)某人做什么”或“某人感覺(jué)某人或物怎么樣”。
例： He asked her to go there.
分析：“he”(主語(yǔ))“asked”(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作)“her”(賓語(yǔ)即動(dòng)作涉及的對象)“to go there”(補語(yǔ)——補充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)做什么)。
5. “主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞+ 表語(yǔ)”(即“主系表”句型)
這一句型用以說(shuō)明“某人(某物、某事、某種概念)具有什么特征或處于什么狀態(tài)”。漢語(yǔ)的“是”字結構屬于這一英語(yǔ)句型的形式之一。常用的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞有be，keep，lie，remain， stand，become，fall，get，go，grow，turn，look，feel，seem，smell，sound，taste等。
例：I am a teacher. 我是一名老師。
分析：“I”(主語(yǔ))“am”(系動(dòng)詞)“a teacher”(表語(yǔ)——表明主語(yǔ)的身份)。
�？�30個(gè)英語(yǔ)基礎句型
1. be doing/be about to do/had done…when…(when：這時(shí), 強調一個(gè)動(dòng)作的突然發(fā)生)
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.
I was about to leave when it began to rain.
I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.
2. It was (not ) + 時(shí)間段+before +一般過(guò)去時(shí)（過(guò)了一段時(shí)間就......）
It will (not ) be+ 時(shí)間段+before +一般現在時(shí)（要過(guò)一段時(shí)間才會(huì )…）
It is/has been +時(shí)間段+ since…..
It was +點(diǎn)時(shí)間+ when…..
It was +時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)+ that …..（強調句）
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識到他處境危險（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 還有半年你才從這個(gè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）
It is 3 years since he worked here.
It was 3 o’clock when they received the telephone.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
It was at 3 o’clock that they received the telephone.
3. more…than… 與其說(shuō)…倒不如…(= not as/ so……..as……)
more than=not only 不僅僅……..
It is more like a meeting than like a party.
它與其說(shuō)是一個(gè)聚會(huì )，不如說(shuō)是一個(gè)會(huì )議。
Mr. Zhang is more than my teacher, he is also my best friend.
張先生不僅僅是我的老師，他還是我的朋友。
4. once… 一旦…...
Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work.
Once you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do it well.
5. The +比較級…，the +比較級… 越……, 越……
The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
6. as if/ as though… 好像...（表示與事實(shí)相反，用虛擬；若表示即將成為事實(shí)或有可能成為事實(shí)，則用陳述語(yǔ)氣。）
He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happened.
Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been friends for many years.
The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.
7. n./adj./adv./v. + as/though +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，盡管...，引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
Child as he is, I already know what career I want to follow.
Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem.
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree with his idea.
8. whether….or…. 無(wú)論…還是…
Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.
Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.
9. 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ever = no matter+特殊疑問(wèn)詞, 引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句或名詞性從句。
Whichever(=No matter which) you like, you can take it away.( 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
You can take away whichever(=any one that) you like.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
Whoever breaks the law, he will certainly be punished. ( 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished. ( 名詞性從句)
10. if/as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposing that/on condition that 如果/只要/假如…
I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3 months.
11.given that/ considering that 考慮到….., 鑒于……
Given her interest in children/Given that she is interested in children, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her.
12. in case that/ in case of… 萬(wàn)一…
In case of fire, please dial 119 at once.
In case that John comes/John should come, tell him to wait.
13. 祈使句+ or/otherwise +結果句；祈使句+ and +結果句
Stop doing such foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.
More effort, and the problem would have been settled.
Think it over, and you will find the answer.
14. so/ such……..that…….引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句，須注意當名詞前有many, much, little, few修飾時(shí), 用so不用such。
The westerners eat so much fat and sugar that they put on weight easily.
There are so few fish in the lake that we couldn’t fish them easily.
當主從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)可與動(dòng)詞不定式相互轉換,即變成so/such…….as to do結構。
The westerners eat so much fat and sugar as to put on weight easily.
15. so that 引導目的`狀語(yǔ)從句與結果狀語(yǔ)從句
so that引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用（= in order that）。
He turned up the radio a little so that he could hear the news clearly.
He turned up the radio a little so as to hear the news clearly.
16.can never/can’t 與too, too much, enough, over- 搭配表示“無(wú)論怎樣…都不過(guò)分”
While you are doing your homework, you can’t be careful enough.
He is such a great man that we can’t praise him too much.
William Hartley was handsome, determined and hardworking. In a word, I couldn’t speak too highly of him.
The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we can’t overemphasize the importance of learning English.
Since it is a good thing, we can’t do it too soon.
17. 不定式作主語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ)。
It +系動(dòng)詞+adj./n.+ for sb. to do (sb.表示動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的執行者)
It +系動(dòng)詞+adj.+ of sb. to do （sb.既表示動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的執行者，又表示人所具備的性質(zhì)或特征）
It’s important for us to have a good knowledge of English.
How rude of him to treat a child like that!
It’s thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.
18. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)，it作形式賓語(yǔ)。
主語(yǔ)+think/consider/believe/ make/ feel+ it +adj./n. +for sb./ of sb. +to do sth.
I feel it foolish of him to believe such a man.
The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well.
19. won’t/ can’t have sb. doing/done 不能容忍某行為發(fā)生
You are too rude, and I won’t have you speaking to Mother like that again.
We can’t have anything done against the school rules.
20. It is said/thought/ hoped/ believed...that...=sb. is said/thought/hoped/believed to do…..
It is said that he is studying abroad.--> He is said to be studying abroad.
It is considered that many countries highly value China’s role in helping world’s peace.=Many countries is considered to highly value China’s role in helping world’s peace.
21. had hoped to do=hoped to have done表示過(guò)去原打算干卻未曾實(shí)現的愿望、打算或意圖。類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞還有：expect, think, intend, design, plan, mean, suppose等。
I had hoped to travel to London this summer，but I was too busy.
22. How did sb come to do...? = How come that….為什么會(huì )…../……是怎么回事？表示要求對所發(fā)生的事情說(shuō)明理由或做出解釋。
How did you come to find out where she’s living?= How come that you found out….
你是怎么打聽(tīng)到她住在哪兒的?
How come that you sat there ,doing nothing?為什么坐在那兒什么也不干?
23. It is (not ) like sb. to do… ...（不）像某人的所作所為
It’s like him to answer for what he has done.敢對自己的行為負責，這是他的一貫作風(fēng)。
It’s not like him to have been so rude to his mother.
24. when it comes to… 當談到或涉及到…
He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer, he will be excited and full of energy.
When it comes to helping his wife with the housework, John never complains.
25. every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time等短語(yǔ)引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“...次的時(shí)候”。
Every time you meet with new words while reading, don’t always refer to your dictionary.
Next time you come , do remember to bring your son here.
You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
26. There is (no) need to do…/for...=It is ( not ) necessary for sb. to do…
There is ( no ) hope/chance/possibility of doing…
There is( no )difficulty/trouble/point/delay( in )doing...
Is there any chance of us/our winning the match?
There is no point（意義）in discussing the problem again.
27. It is up to sb. to do sth. 應由某人來(lái)做某事……..
——When shall we start out?
——It’s up to you to decide.
It’s up to you to babysit my so while I am away on business.
28.be up to sth. 忙于…..., 從事…..., 勝任.…..
John isn’t really up to that job. 約翰不適合干那項工作。
What have you been up to recently? 最近你一直在忙些什么？
29. It is time to do/It is time that +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式 該是做…..的時(shí)候了
It is time that we ended the discussion.
30. 強調句基本構成形式：It is/ was +被強調部分+ who/that+原句剩余部分
I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.
It was I who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.(強調是我，不是別人)
It was him who/that I met in the street yesterday afternoon.( 強調我遇見(jiàn)的是他，不是別人)
It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.( 強調是在大街上，不是在別的地方，強調的是地點(diǎn)，但不用where)
It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street (強調是昨天下午，不是在別的時(shí)候, 強調的是時(shí)間，但不用when)
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