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考研英語(yǔ)作文常見(jiàn)錯誤分析
【摘要】在英文寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中，學(xué)生們常常誤入歧途卻自己不能察覺(jué)。一些常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作錯誤會(huì )出現在大部分考生的試卷上。比如審題不清，經(jīng)常出現偏題或跑題；習慣漢語(yǔ)思維，逐字翻譯；用詞搭配不當，張冠李戴；詞不達意，拼寫(xiě)錯誤嚴重；等等。具體來(lái)說(shuō)，常見(jiàn)的錯誤主要有這些：
一、指代方面的錯誤
在使用代詞it，he，this，that，which，one等時(shí)，前文中應出現明確的先行詞。
如：Since we cannot know what particular bit of knowledge a child will need in the future，it is senseless to force him to learn it.，這句話(huà)中，him和it這兩個(gè)代詞都有明確的先行詞，分別是a child和knowledge，因此句子的含義非常清楚。
可是，不少學(xué)生在使用這些代詞時(shí)，雖然自己很清楚它們指代的是什么，但在作文中卻沒(méi)有交代清楚，結果這些代詞非但沒(méi)有使行文簡(jiǎn)潔，反而造成了意思上的模糊，讓閱卷老師不知所云。
誤：Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear.
正：Sometimes the teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.
【說(shuō)明】句1中的they既可指教師，也可指學(xué)生，屬指代不清的�？梢园阉鼈冎械娜我庖粋�(gè)改成單數名詞。因為單數名詞也可以泛指一類(lèi)。
二、修飾方面的錯誤
修飾語(yǔ)應緊靠被修飾的成分，并和它形成正確的邏輯關(guān)系。如果修飾語(yǔ)的位置不妥當，就會(huì )造出模棱兩可的病句。
誤：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside.
正：To keep the air clean, we must move the factories to the countryside if they give off poisonous gases.
【說(shuō)明】句1要表達的是把有害氣體排放到農村，還是把工廠(chǎng)遷到農村去?顯然修飾語(yǔ)to the countryside的位置放錯了。如句2改變一下結構，就能清楚地表達要表達的意思了。
三、一致方面的錯誤
在一個(gè)句子內部或緊鄰的兩三個(gè)句子之間，要保持時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)、數等的一致。
誤：Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.
正：Whether we enjoy or resent advertisements, we are actually bombarded with them every hour of the day.
【說(shuō)明】代詞應與所指代的先行詞保持人稱(chēng)和數上的一致。句1也可改成Whether one enjoys or resents the advertisement, he is actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.
四、平行結構方面的錯誤
這里專(zhuān)指語(yǔ)態(tài)、比較級、非謂語(yǔ)形式、冠詞用法、可數名詞和不可數名詞、不定代詞單復數以及時(shí)態(tài)等錯誤。
1、誤：Narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents.
正：narrow streets easily cause many traffic accidents. (to happen)
誤：A great change has been taken place since then.
正：A great change has taken place since then.
誤：But it may occur some new problems.
正：But some new problems may occur/arise.
誤：Opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard.
正：Opportunities only belong to those who work hard.
【說(shuō)明】happen，take place，occur，arise等動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組一般既不能用作被動(dòng)結構，也不能作為及物動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)的。但學(xué)生作文中類(lèi)似的錯誤較多：Our country has taken place a great change in many fields.
2、誤：The pace of our modern life is getting more faster and faster.
正：The pace of our modern life is getting faster and faster.
誤：Electricity is the most important power in our daily life than other kinds of power.
正：Electricity is the most important power in our daily life.
誤：Thus our city will be greatly beautiful than it is now.
正：Thus our city will be far more beautiful than it is now.
【說(shuō)明】這些都是在使用比較形式時(shí)出現的錯誤。尤其是第1例較普遍。如more easier，more stronger等。
五、斷句方面的錯誤
一句句子沒(méi)有結束，又開(kāi)始新的一句，結果造成句子結構不全，這就成為斷句。
誤：TV becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.
正：TV becomes an important part in our daily life，because we cannot live without it.
【說(shuō)明】以because，since，if等引導的從句是不能獨立成句的，只能依屬于主句，所以不能寫(xiě)成另一句。
六、連詞方面的錯誤
作文中缺少必要的連詞，或錯用連詞的現象也比較普遍。
誤：One should improve his English，one should overcome difficulties in studies.
正：If one wants to improve his English，he should overcome difficulties in studies.
【說(shuō)明】學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中往往意識不到連詞的重要，不善于使用連詞和連接副詞來(lái)明確標示出因果關(guān)系、轉折關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系等。
七、搭配方面的錯誤
學(xué)生作文中用詞搭配方面的錯誤也占有較大比例。曾經(jīng)在一次六級作文閱卷中，近千篇作文在表達上海交通越來(lái)越擁擠這個(gè)意思時(shí)，幾乎沒(méi)有一篇用 heavier，大多數人用的是The traffic in Shanghai is getting more and more crowded，而traffic是不能與crowded搭配的。
1、誤：However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.
正：However the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle.
【說(shuō)明】speed只能和high，low，good，top，normal，fantastic，moderate，surprising等搭配，不能與fast，quick，slow搭配。但可以這樣說(shuō)A car is much faster in speed than a bicycle.
2、誤：In the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it.
正：In the past the price of milk was so high that most families couldnt afford it.
【說(shuō)明】price只和high，low，inflated，moderate，minimum，original，popular，prevailing，published，reduced，reasonable等搭配，不能與expensive，cheap搭配，但可以說(shuō)In the past，milk was so expensive that most families couldnt afford it.
由此可見(jiàn)，要提高對詞語(yǔ)搭配的駕馭能力，除了要在平時(shí)的閱讀過(guò)程中多積累，還需要克服中文中諸如速度快、價(jià)格貴、學(xué)習知識、人減少等搭配的影響，避免寫(xiě)出look book或see book這樣的笑話(huà)來(lái)。
八、誤用方面
學(xué)生作文中對詞語(yǔ)的誤用也相當普遍，誤用詞語(yǔ)不僅不能準確地表達作者的意思，而且也會(huì )鬧出笑話(huà)。
1、誤：With the industrious development，there is a great need for different kinds of energy.
正：With the industrial development，there is a great need for different kinds of energy.
2、誤：Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which effect our daily life.
正：Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which affect our daily life.
【說(shuō)明】以上錯句都是因為對形容詞的辨析不清而造成的。Industrious是勤勞的，工業(yè)上的應為industrial。effect一般用作名詞，其動(dòng)詞形式表示產(chǎn)生、實(shí)現，而這里的意思是影響，應換成affect。
另外為了方便大家學(xué)習，提高復習的效率。小編為廣大學(xué)子整理了考研技巧和考試大綱，更有歷年真題提供測試等等。針對每一個(gè)科目進(jìn)行深度的探討和技巧挖掘。歡迎各位考研的同學(xué)進(jìn)行了解和資訊�？佳械耐纯嗍请y免的,不要喪失信心,堅信苦盡甘來(lái)。預祝各位學(xué)子取得成功！
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