高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結通用【15篇】
總結是對某一特定時(shí)間段內的學(xué)習和工作生活等表現情況加以回顧和分析的一種書(shū)面材料,它可以明確下一步的工作方向,少走彎路,少犯錯誤,提高工作效益,不妨坐下來(lái)好好寫(xiě)寫(xiě)總結吧?偨Y怎么寫(xiě)才不會(huì )流于形式呢?以下是小編整理的高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結,希望能夠幫助到大家。
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結1
survey 調查;測驗
add up 合計
upset adj.心煩意亂的;不安的;不適的 vt.使不安;使心煩。
ignore 不理睬,忽視
calm vt.vi(使)平靜;(使)鎮定 adj.平靜的;鎮靜的;沉著(zhù)的
calm (…)down (使)平靜下來(lái);(使)鎮靜下來(lái)
have got to 不得不;必須
concern (使)擔憂(yōu);涉及;關(guān)系
be concerned about 關(guān)心;掛念
walk the dog 遛狗
loose 松的;松開(kāi)的
vet 獸醫
go through 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受
Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹(荷蘭首都)
Netherlands 荷蘭(荷蘭國家)
Jewish 猶太人;猶太族的
German 德國的.;德國人的;德語(yǔ)的;德國人;德語(yǔ)
Nazi n.納粹黨人adj.納粹黨的
set down 記下;放下;登記
series 連續;系列
a series of 一連串的;一系列;一套
outdoors 在戶(hù)外;在野外
spellbinding 迷住;迷惑
on purpose 故意
in order to 為了…
dusk 黃昏;傍晚
at dusk 在黃昏時(shí)刻
thunder v打雷;雷鳴;n雷;雷聲
entire 整個(gè)的;完全的;全部的
entirely 完全地;全然地;整個(gè)地
power 能力;力量;權力
face to face 面對面地
curtain 窗簾;門(mén)簾;幕布
dusty 積滿(mǎn)灰塵的
no longer ot…any longer 不再
partner 伙伴;合作者;合伙人
settle 安家;定居;停留 使定居;安排;解決
suffer 遭受;忍受;經(jīng)歷
suffer from 遭受;患病
loneliness 孤單;寂寞
highway 公路;大路;<美>高速公路
recover 痊愈;恢復;重新獲得
gete tired of 對…厭煩
pack 捆扎;包裝;打行李 小包;包裹
pack(sth)up 將(東西)裝箱打包
suitcase 手提箱;衣箱
overcoat 大衣;外套
teenager 十幾歲的青少年
get along with 與…相處;發(fā)展
gossip 閑話(huà);閑談
fall in love 相愛(ài) 愛(ài)上
exactly 確實(shí)如此;正式;確切地
disagree 不同意
grateful 感激的;表示謝意的
dislike 不喜歡;厭惡
join in 參加;加入
tip n.揭示;技巧;尖;尖端;消費 vt. 傾斜; 翻到
secondly 第二;其次
swap 交換
item 項目;條款
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結2
重點(diǎn)單詞講解。
(1)add
、 add …to…把…添加…/把…加起來(lái)
、 add up to共計,總共
、 add to增添
(2)upset
過(guò)去式:upset過(guò)去分詞:upset現在分詞:upsetting
adj.心煩意亂的,不安的,不適的
be upset about/over為某事心煩、不安
be upset that心煩
vt.使不安,使心煩
It upsets sb that讓某人心煩的是
It upsets sb to do sth做某事使某人不安
(3)concern
vt.使擔心,顧慮,涉及,關(guān)系到
n.擔心,關(guān)注,利害關(guān)系
、賏s far as sb/sth + be concerned就某人而言,對于某人來(lái)說(shuō)
as far as I am concerned就我而言,對于我來(lái)說(shuō)
as far as he is concerned對他來(lái)說(shuō)
as far as English is concerned關(guān)于英語(yǔ),對于英語(yǔ)
、赽e concerned about/for關(guān)心,掛念
have no concerned about/for
、踒e concerned in/with涉及到,與…有關(guān)
have no concerned in/with
(4)go through
、俳(jīng)歷,遭受,忍受go through one difficulty after another.經(jīng)歷一個(gè)又一個(gè)困難。
、谧屑殭z查,審查go through your paper檢查你的試卷。
、蹫g覽,翻閱go through all the related reference.瀏覽相關(guān)資料。
、芡ㄟ^(guò),穿過(guò)=pass through go through a great forest.穿過(guò)一片大森林。
、萃瓿蒰o through the task.完成任務(wù)。
(5)suffer
、賡uffer作“遭受”時(shí),后面直接接pain, loss, injury, harm或punishment.
、趕uffer作“受…苦”時(shí),常常搭配:suffer from
(6)get/be tired of厭煩…
get/be/feel tired of sb / sth / doing sth厭煩
be tired from由于…而疲勞(體力上的疲勞),側重原因
be tired out精疲力竭的
(7)join in參加,加入
區別join ,join in ,attend與take part in:
join:多指加入組織,團體,黨派等,有作為其中一員的意思。例:join the army參軍
join in:參加某項游戲,活動(dòng),討論等。常用結構:join sb in
例:Will you join us in a walk?
attend:參加會(huì )議,婚禮,葬禮,上課,講座,聽(tīng)報告等。
例:attend a lecture參加一個(gè)講座。
take part in:多指參加群眾性的活動(dòng),運動(dòng),戰爭等。
例:take part in the march.
虛擬條件句
條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況,在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
l-條件從句與現在事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語(yǔ)十過(guò)去時(shí),tiag+should (could,would,或might)+動(dòng)詞原形,例如:If l were you,1 would study hard.
2.條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞,主語(yǔ)+should(could, would,或might)+have+過(guò)去分詞,例如:If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term
3.條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致,句型為:lf+主語(yǔ)+should/were to+do,主語(yǔ)+should( could.)+原形do,例如:If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.
注意:
1.If條件句中絕對不可出現“would”。
2-根據句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)可能出現“混合虛擬”的情況,即主句可能是現在的情況,條件句也許是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況,但都遵守上述句型。
3.在條件句中如果出現were,had,should可省去if'
將這些詞提前置于句首構成倒裝,例如:w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球,我就可以親眼目睹它的樣子了。
直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
(一)直接引述別人的原話(huà),叫做直接引語(yǔ);用自己話(huà)轉述別人的話(huà),叫做間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)必須放在引號內,間接引語(yǔ)則不用引號。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),除將引語(yǔ)部分變成賓語(yǔ)從句外,還必須對直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行改變。
1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化:直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常受轉述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài),即把原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)去推,也就是一般現在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí),現在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),等等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2.人稱(chēng)代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等等的變化:根據意義進(jìn)行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),都使用陳述語(yǔ)序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì )有所不同。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句,則用疑問(wèn)詞引導間接引語(yǔ)。轉述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句,改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據原句的語(yǔ)氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something.例如:
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
raise vt.“使……上升;升起;提高”等;
rise vi.“上升;升起”;
arise vi.“站起來(lái)(stand up)”,“起床(get up)”
rise和arise用作站起,起床都屬正式用法;arise主要表示“出現、發(fā)生”等意思。
She raised her voice in anger. (抬高)
The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起)
The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起)
She rises before it is light. (起床)
Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出現)
重點(diǎn)短句
1. be good to對......友好be good for對......有益;be bad to…/be bad for…
2. add up加起來(lái)增加add up to合計,總計
add… to把......加到......
3. not…until/till意思是“直到…才”
4. get sth/sb done使......完成/使某人被......
5. calm down平靜下來(lái)
6. be concerned about關(guān)心關(guān)注
7.當while, when, before, after等引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的`主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.
8. cheat in the exam考試作弊
9. go through經(jīng)歷;度過(guò);獲準,通過(guò)
10. hide away躲藏;隱藏1
1. set down寫(xiě)下,記下
12. I wonder if…..我不知道是不是…. 12. on purpose故意
13. sth happen to sb某人發(fā)生某事
sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事it so happened that ......正巧碰巧
14. It is the first (second…) that… (從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現在完成時(shí))
15. in one’s power處于......的控制之中
16. It’s no pleasure doing….做…..沒(méi)有樂(lè )趣
It’s no good/ use doing sth.做某事是沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用的
17. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. it做形式賓語(yǔ)
18. suffer from患…病;遭受19. so…that… /such…thay…
20. get tired of….對…感到勞累疲憊
21. have some trouble with sb/sth.在......上遇到了麻煩22. get along with sb/sth.與某人相處
23. ask(sb)for advice. (向某人)征求建議
24. make后接復合賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)須用不帶to的不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞等。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種形式:
make sb. do sth.讓(使)某人做某事make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物…
make sb./ oneself +v-ed讓某人/自己被…
When you speak, you should make yourself understood. make sb.+n.使某人成為…
25. alone /lonely.單獨的/孤獨的
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結3
過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)
1過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)時(shí),其作用相當于adj.,說(shuō)明的是主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)
All the windows are broken.
All hope is gone.
He looked worried after reading the letter.
常見(jiàn)作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞有:disappointed, drunk, amused, frightened, married, excited, experienced, interested, confused, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried,gone, dressed, lost等。
注意
過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結構相似,但兩者表達的意思明顯不同,前者說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)及所處的狀態(tài),而后者強調被動(dòng)的`動(dòng)作。
My glasses are broken.我的眼鏡碎了。(狀態(tài))
My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼鏡被我兒子摔碎了。(動(dòng)作)
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結4
Unit 1
△survey n.調查;測驗
add up合計
upset adj.心煩意亂的;不安的;不適的
vt. (upset, upset)使不安;使心煩
ignore vt.不理睬;忽視
calm vt. & vi. (使)平靜;(使)鎮定
adj.平靜的;鎮靜的;沉著(zhù)的
calm(…)down (使)平靜下來(lái);(使)鎮定下來(lái)
have got to不得不;必須
concern vt. (使)擔憂(yōu);涉及;關(guān)系到
n.擔心;關(guān)注;(利害)關(guān)系
be concerned about關(guān)心;掛念
walk the dog遛狗
loose adj.松的;松開(kāi)的
△vet n.獸醫
go through經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受
△Amsterdam n.阿姆斯特丹(荷蘭首都)
Netherlands n.荷蘭(西歐國家)
△Jewish猶太人的;猶太族的
German adj.德國的;德國人的;德語(yǔ)的
n.德國人;德語(yǔ)
△Nazi n.納粹黨人
adj.納粹黨的
set down記下;放下;登記
series n.連續;系列
a series of一連串的;一系列;一套
△Kitty n.基蒂(女名)
outdoors adv.在戶(hù)外;在野外
△ spellbind vt. (spellbound, spellbound)
迷住;迷惑
on purpose故意
in order to為了……
dusk n.黃昏;傍晚
at dusk在黃昏時(shí)刻
thunder vi.打雷;雷鳴
n.雷;雷聲
entire adj.整個(gè)的;完全的;全部的
entirely adv.完全地;全然地;整個(gè)地
power n.能力;力量;權力
face to face面對面地
curtain n.窗簾;門(mén)簾;幕布
dusty adj.積滿(mǎn)灰塵的
no longer/not…any longer不再……
partner n.伙伴;合作者;合伙人
settle vi.安家;定居;停留
vt.使定居;安排;解決
suffer vt. & vi.遭受;忍受;經(jīng)歷
suffer from遭受;患病
△loneliness n.孤單;寂寞
highway n.公路;大路
recover vi. & vt.痊愈;恢復;重新獲得
get/be tired of對……厭煩
pack vi. & vt.捆扎;包裝;打行李
n.小包;包裹
pack (sth) up將(東西)裝箱打包
suitcase n.手提箱;衣箱
△Margot n.瑪戈(女名)
Overcoat n.大衣;外套
teenager n.十幾歲的青少年
get along with與……相處;進(jìn)展
△gossip vi. & n.閑話(huà);閑談
fall in love相愛(ài);愛(ài)上
exactly adv.確實(shí)如此;正是;確切地
disagree vi.不同意
grateful adj.感激的;表示謝意的
dislike n. & vt.不喜歡;厭惡
join in參加;加入
tip n.提示;技巧;尖;尖端;小費
vt.傾斜;翻倒
△secondly adv.第二;其次
swap vt.交換
item n.項目;條款
Unit 2
△subway n.地下人行道;<美>地鐵
elevator n.電梯;升降機
petrol n. <英>汽油(=<美>gasoline)
gas n.汽油;氣體;煤氣;毒氣
official adj.官方的;正式的;公務(wù)的
voyage n.航行;航海
△conquer vt.征服;占領(lǐng)
because of因為;由于
native adj.本國的;本地的
n.本地人;本國人
△Amy n.艾米(女名)
come up走近;上來(lái);提出
apartment n. <美>公寓住宅;
單元住宅
actually adv.實(shí)際上;事實(shí)上
AD公元
base vt.以……為根據
n.基部;基地;基礎
at present現在;目前
gradual adj.逐漸的;逐步的
gradually adv.逐漸地;逐步地
Danish n.丹麥語(yǔ)
adj.丹麥的;丹麥人的;丹麥語(yǔ)的
△enrich vt.使富裕;充實(shí);改善
vocabulary n.詞匯;詞匯量;詞表
△Shakespeare莎士比亞(英國劇作家,詩(shī)人)
make use of利用;使用
spelling n.拼寫(xiě);拼法
△Samuel Johnson塞繆爾約翰遜(英國作家,批評家)
△Noah Webster諾厄韋伯斯特(美國詞典編纂家)
latter adj.較后的;后半的;
(兩者中)后者的.
identity n.本身;本體;身份
fluent adj.流利的;流暢的
fluently adv.流利地;流暢地
Singapore n.新加坡(東南亞國家)
Malaysia n.馬來(lái)西亞(東南亞國家);
馬來(lái)群島
such as例如……;像這種的
frequent adj.頻繁的;常見(jiàn)的
frequently adv.常常;頻繁地
usage n.使用;用法;詞語(yǔ)慣用法
command n.& vt.命令;指令;掌握
request n. & vt.請求;要求
△dialect n.方言
expression n.詞語(yǔ);表示;表達
midwestern adj.中西部的
有中西部特性的
African adj.非洲的;非洲人的;非洲語(yǔ)言的
Spanish adj.西班牙的;西班牙人的;西班牙語(yǔ)的
n.西班牙人;西班牙語(yǔ)
play a part (in)扮演一個(gè)角色;參與
eastern adj.東方的;東部的
southeastern adj.東南方的;
來(lái)自東南的
morthwestern adj.西北方的;
來(lái)自西北的
recognize vt.辨認出;承認;公認
lorry n. <英>卡車(chē)(=<美>truck)
△Lori n.羅麗(女名)
△Houston n.休斯頓(美國城市)
△Texas n.德克薩斯州(美國州名)
accent n.口音;腔調;重音
△Buford n.布福德(姓氏;男名)
△Lester n.萊斯特(姓錯;男名)
△catfish n.鯰魚(yú)
lightning n.閃電
straight adv.直接;挺直
adj.直的;筆直的;正直的
block n.街區;塊;木塊;石塊
cab n.出租車(chē)
Unit 3
journal n. 日記;雜志;定期刊物
transport n.運送;運輸
vt.運輸;運送
prefer vt.更喜歡;選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)
disadvantage n.不利條件;不便之處
fare n.費用
△route n.路線(xiàn);路途
△Mekong n.湄公河
flow vi.流動(dòng);流出
n.流動(dòng);流量
ever since從那以后
persuade vt.說(shuō)服;勸說(shuō)
cycle vi.騎自行車(chē)
graduate vi.畢業(yè)
n.大學(xué)畢業(yè)生
finally adv.最后;終于
schedule n.時(shí)間表;進(jìn)度表
vt.為某事安排時(shí)間
fond adj.喜愛(ài)的;慈愛(ài)的;寵愛(ài)的
be fond of喜愛(ài);喜歡
shortcoming n.缺點(diǎn)
stubborn adj.頑固的;固執的
organize vt.組織;成立
care about關(guān)心;憂(yōu)慮;惦念
△detail n.細節;詳情
△source n.來(lái)源;水源
determine vt.決定;確定;下定決心
determined adj.堅決的;有決心的
change one’s mind改變主意
journey n.旅行;旅程
altitude n.海拔高度;高處
make up one’s mind下決心;決定
give in投降;屈服;讓步
△atlas n.地圖;地圖集
△glacier n.冰河;冰川
△Tibetan adj.西藏的;藏族的;
藏族人的
n. (西)藏語(yǔ);西藏人;
藏族人
△rapids n.急流
valley n. (山)谷;流域
△waterfall n.瀑布
pace vi.緩慢而行;踱步
n.一步;速度;步調
bend n.彎;拐角
vt. (bent, bent)使彎曲
vi.彎身;彎腰
△meander n. (指河流等)蜿蜒緩慢流動(dòng)
△delta n.三角洲
attitude n.態(tài)度;看法
△Qomolangma n.珠穆朗瑪峰
boil vi. (指液體)沸騰;(水)開(kāi)
forecast n. & vt.預測;預報
parcel n.小包;包裹
insurance n.保險
wool n.羊毛;毛織品
as usual照常
reliable adj.可信賴(lài)的;可靠的
view n.風(fēng)景;視野;觀(guān)點(diǎn);見(jiàn)解
vt.觀(guān)看;注視;考慮
△yak n.牦牛
pillow n.枕頭;枕墊
midnight n.午夜;子夜
at midnight在午夜
flame n.火焰;光芒;熱情
beneath prep.在……下面
△Laos n.老撾(東南亞國家)
△Laotian n.老撾人
adj.老撾(人)的
temple n.廟宇;寺廟
cave n.洞穴;地窖
Unit 4
earthquake n.地震
quake n.地震
right away立刻;馬上
well n.井
△crack n.裂縫;噼啪聲
vt. & vi. (使)開(kāi)裂;破裂
△smelly adj.發(fā)臭的;有臭味的
△farmyard n.農場(chǎng);農家
pipe n.管;導管
burst vi. (burst, burst)爆裂;爆發(fā)
n.突然破裂;爆發(fā)
million n.百萬(wàn)
event n.事件;大事
as if仿佛;好像
at an end結束;終結
nation n.民族;國家;國民
canal n.運河;水道
steam n.蒸汽;水汽
dirt n.污垢;泥土
ruin n.廢墟;毀滅
vt.毀滅;使破產(chǎn)
in ruins嚴重受損;破敗不堪
suffering n.苦難;痛苦
extreme adj.極度的
injure vt.損害;傷害
△survivor n.幸存者;生還者;殘存物
destroy vt.破壞;毀壞;消滅
brick n.磚;磚塊
dam n.水壩;堰堤
track n.軌道;足跡;痕跡
useless adj.無(wú)用的;無(wú)效的;無(wú)益的
shock vt. & vi. (使)震驚;震動(dòng)
n.休克;打擊;震驚
rescue n. & vt.援救;營(yíng)救
trap vt.使陷入困境
n.陷阱;困境
electricity n.電;電流;電學(xué)
disaster n.災難;災禍
dig out掘出;發(fā)現
bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;隱藏
mine n.礦;礦山;礦井
miner n.礦工
shelter n.掩蔽;掩蔽處;避身處
a (great) number of許多;大量的
title n.標題;頭銜;資格
reporter n.記者
bar n.條;棒;條狀物
damage n. & vt.損失;損害
frighten vt.使驚嚇;嚇唬
frightened adj.受驚的;受恐嚇的
frightening adj.令人恐懼的
congratulation n.祝賀;(復數)賀詞
judge n.裁判員;法官
vt.斷定;判斷;判決
sincerely adv.真誠地;真摯地
express vt.表示;表達
n.快車(chē);速遞
outline n.要點(diǎn);大綱;輪廓
headline n.報刊的大字標題
cyclist n.騎自行車(chē)的人
Unit 5
△Nelson Mandela
納爾遜曼德拉(前南非共和國總統)
quality n.質(zhì)量;品質(zhì);性質(zhì)
△warm-hearted adj.熱心腸的
mean adj.吝嗇的;自私的;卑鄙的
active adj.積極的;活躍的
generous adj.慷慨的;大方的
△easy-going adj.隨和的
溫和寬容的
self n.自我;自身
selfish adj.自私的
selfless adj.無(wú)私的;忘我的
selflessly adv.無(wú)私地;忘我地
devote vt. (與to連用)獻身;專(zhuān)心于
devoted adj.忠實(shí)的;深?lèi)?ài)的
△William Tyndale威廉廷代爾(英國早期新教改革者)
△Bible n. 《圣經(jīng)》
△Norman Bethune諾曼白求恩
(加拿大胸外科醫師)
△invader n.侵略者
found vt.建立;建設
republic n.共和國;共和政體
principle n.法則;原則;原理
△nationalism n.民族主義;
國家主義
△livelihood n.生計;謀生
△Mohandas Gandhi
莫罕達斯甘地(印度國民大會(huì )黨領(lǐng)袖)
peaceful adj.和平的;平靜的;安寧的
△giant adj.巨大的;龐大的
△leap n.飛躍;跳躍
mankind n.人類(lèi)
△Elias n.伊萊亞斯(男名)
lawyer n.律師
guidance n.指導;領(lǐng)導
legal adj.法律的;依照法律的
fee n.費(會(huì )費、學(xué)費等);酬金
△passbook n.南非共和國有色人種的身份證
△Johannesburg n.約翰內斯堡
(南非城市)
out of work失業(yè)
hopeful adj.懷有希望的;有希望的
△ANC非國大;非洲人國民大會(huì );非洲民族會(huì )議(African National Congress)
youth n.青年;青年時(shí)期
league同盟;聯(lián)盟;聯(lián)合會(huì )
Youth League青年團
stage n.舞臺;階段;時(shí)期
vote vt. & vi.投票;選舉
n.投票;選票;表決
attack vt.進(jìn)攻;攻擊;抨擊
violence n.暴力;暴行
as a matter of fact事實(shí)上
blow up使充氣;爆炸
equal adj.相等的;平等的
in trouble在危險、受罰、痛苦、憂(yōu)慮等的處境中
willing adj.樂(lè )意的;自愿的
unfair adj.不公正的;不公平的
turn to求助于;致力于
△ quote n.引用語(yǔ);語(yǔ)錄
△ release vt.釋放;發(fā)行
lose heart喪失勇氣或信心
△Robben Island羅本島
escape vi.逃脫;逃走;泄露
blanket n.毛毯;毯子
educate vt.教育;訓練
educated adj.受過(guò)教育的;有教養的
come to power當權;上臺
beg vi.請求;乞求
relative n.親戚;親屬
terror n.恐怖;可怕的人;
恐怖時(shí)期;恐怖活動(dòng)
cruelty n.殘忍;殘酷
reward n.報酬;獎金
vt.酬勞;獎賞
△Transkei n.特蘭斯凱
(南非東南部一地區)
set up設立;建立
sentence vt.判決;宣判
be sentenced to被判處……(徒刑)
anti-[前綴]反;抗;阻
anti-black adj.反黑人的
△Cape Town開(kāi)普敦(南非立法首都)
president n.總統;會(huì )長(cháng);校長(cháng);行長(cháng)
△Nobel Peace Prize諾貝爾和平獎
opinion n.意見(jiàn);看法;主張
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結5
延續動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞
1)用于完成時(shí)的區別
延續動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷;瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 He has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then.我從那時(shí)起就認識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
2)用于till / until從句的差異
延續動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……"瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……" He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B.首先本題后句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的`模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,因此用現在完成時(shí)。
2.---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A.等待的動(dòng)作由過(guò)去開(kāi)始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時(shí)。
用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替完成時(shí)
1)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強調先后,或用then,and,but等連詞時(shí),多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 )兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過(guò)去時(shí);如第一個(gè)動(dòng)作需要若干時(shí)間完成,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3)敘述歷史事實(shí),可不用過(guò)去完成時(shí),而只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結6
現在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái),表示最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常見(jiàn)的現在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)詞有:come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.
例:1. Im coming. 我就來(lái)
2. what are you doing next Sunday 你下個(gè)星期天做什么
3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你將沿湄公河旅行
4. Where are you staying at night 你們晚上待在哪里/
。褐苯右Z(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
概念:直接引語(yǔ):直接引述別人的原話(huà)。一般前后要加引號。
間接引語(yǔ):用自己的話(huà)轉述別人的話(huà)。間接引語(yǔ)在多數情況下可構成賓語(yǔ)從句且不要加引號。
例: Mr. Black said, Im busy. Mr. Black said that he was busy.
變化規則
(一)陳述句的變化規則
直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),用連詞that(可省略)引導,從句中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都要發(fā)生相應的變化。
人稱(chēng)的變化人稱(chēng)的變化主要是要理解句子的意思
例:1. He said, I like it very much. He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, Iv left my book in your room.
He told me that he had left his book in my room.
時(shí)態(tài)的變化
例:
I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary, said Anne.
Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
The boy said, Im using a knife. The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意:如果直接引語(yǔ)是客觀(guān)真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變,如:
He said, Light travels much faster than sound.He said that light travels much faster than sound.
指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化
(二) 祈使句的變化規則
如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的.動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并根據句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面還要加上not。例:
The hostess said to us, Please sit down. The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, Dont make so much noise, boys. He told the boys not to make so much noise.
(三)疑問(wèn)句的變化規則
如果直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序,句末用句號。
一般疑問(wèn)句:如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí),要改為 ask 或asked,原問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether 引導的賓語(yǔ)從句。例:
Do you think a diary can become your friend the writer says.
The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
(2) 特殊疑問(wèn)句:如果間接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),仍用原來(lái)的引導詞,但疑問(wèn)句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍。例?/p>
What do you want he asked me. He asked me what I wanted
。憾ㄕZ(yǔ)從句
概念:在復合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。
成分:先行詞,即被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who(賓格為whom,所有格為whose);或者關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,起著(zhù)連接主從句的作用。
1. 關(guān)系代詞that的用法
關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主語(yǔ),也能做賓語(yǔ)
例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主語(yǔ))
(2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物,作賓語(yǔ))
(3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there (指人,作主語(yǔ))
(4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jims sister,(指人,作賓語(yǔ))
2. 關(guān)系代詞which的用法
關(guān)系代詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中只能指物,但既可以做賓語(yǔ)也能作主語(yǔ)
例:1)They planted some trees which didnt need much water. (作主語(yǔ))
(2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作賓語(yǔ))
3. 關(guān)系代詞who,whom的用法
關(guān)系代詞who,whom 只能指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)
例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主語(yǔ))
(2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語(yǔ))、
4. 關(guān)系代詞whose在的用法
關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中既可以做主語(yǔ)也可以做賓語(yǔ)。
例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人,作主語(yǔ))
(2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物,作主語(yǔ))
(3)He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. (指物,作賓語(yǔ))
5. 關(guān)系副詞when的用法
關(guān)系副詞when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
例:1)Ill never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.
(2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago
6. 關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法
關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
例:1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.
(2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasnt very clean.
7. 關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法
關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)
例: 1). I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why(= for which) I left.
(2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結7
重點(diǎn)單詞
major local represent curious introduce
approach stranger express action general
avoid misunderstand similar agreement adult
punish intend means universal cultural
apologize behave bow flight defence
dormitory canteen dash comfortable distance
prefer touch custom false hug
function international powerful greet fist
yawn threaten respectful association gesture
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結8
一. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
一直接引述別人的原話(huà),叫做直接引語(yǔ);用自己話(huà)轉述別人的話(huà),叫做間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)必須放在引號內,間接引語(yǔ)則不用引號。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),除將引語(yǔ)部分變成賓語(yǔ)從句外,還必須對直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行改變。
1. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化:直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常受轉述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài),即把原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)去推,也就是一般現在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí),現在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),等等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人稱(chēng)代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等等的變化:根據意義進(jìn)行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
二直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),都使用陳述語(yǔ)序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì )有所不同。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句,則用疑問(wèn)詞引導間接引語(yǔ)。轉述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句,改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據原句的語(yǔ)氣即請求或命令加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone not to do something. 例如:
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念:它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的執行或被執行關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著(zhù)主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下:
1. 一般現在時(shí) am/is/are + 過(guò)去分詞
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) was/were + 過(guò)去分詞
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall + be + 過(guò)去分詞
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 現在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are + being + 過(guò)去分詞
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were + being + 過(guò)去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 現在完成時(shí) have/has + been + 過(guò)去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 過(guò)去完成時(shí) had + been + 過(guò)去分詞
注意:
1.除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get, stay等也可以和過(guò)去分詞構成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 過(guò)去分詞”結構。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等結構的謂語(yǔ),其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分別用“be going to + be + 過(guò)去分詞”和“be to + be + 過(guò)去分詞”。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結構的區別:“連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞”構成的系表結構,與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完全一樣,所以應注意它們的區別。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞,多強調動(dòng)作;系表結構中的過(guò)去分詞相當于形容詞,多強調狀態(tài)。前者通?捎胋y 引出動(dòng)作的執行者,而后者則不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone.被動(dòng)結構
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.系表結構
系表結構中的過(guò)去分詞通?杀籿ery修飾,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如:
He was very excited.系表結構
He was much excited by her words.被動(dòng)結構
5. 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式有被動(dòng)意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)一般是物。例如:
These books sell well. 這些書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)。
The door won’t shut. 這門(mén)關(guān)不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。
Unit 1
1. be good to 對……友好 be good for 對……有益;
2. add up 加起來(lái);增加
add up to 合計,總計
add… to 把……加到……
3. not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”
4. get sth/sb done 使……完成/使某人被……
5. calm down平靜下來(lái)
6. be concerned about 關(guān)心;關(guān)注
7. 當while, when, before, after 等引導的`時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.
8. cheat in the exam
9. go through 經(jīng)歷;度過(guò);獲準,通過(guò)
10. hide away 躲藏;隱藏
11. set down 寫(xiě)下,記下
12. I wonder if….. 我不知道是不是….
12. on purpose 故意
13. sth happen to sb 某人發(fā)生某事
sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事
it so happened that ……正巧;碰巧
14. It is the first second… that… 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現在完成時(shí)
15. in one’s power 處于……的控制之中
16. It’s no pleasure doing…. 做…..沒(méi)有樂(lè )趣
It’s no good/ use doing sth. 做某事是沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用的
17. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. it做形式賓語(yǔ)
18. suffer from 患…病;遭受
19. so…that… /such…thay…
20. get tired of…. 對…感到勞累;疲憊
21. have some trouble with sb/sth. 在……上遇到了麻煩
22. get along with sb/sth. 與某人相處
23. asksbfor advice. 向某人征求建議
24. make 后接復合賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)須用不帶to 的不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞等。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種形式:
make sb. do sth.使某人做某事
make sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人/物…
make sb./ oneself +v-ed 讓某人/自己被…
When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
make sb.+n. 使某人成為…
25. alone /lonely. 單獨的/孤獨的
26. I would be grateful if… 委婉客氣提出請求
27. Why not do….. = why don’t you do…
Unit 2
1. because of 因為…… 注意和because 的區別
2. even if = even thoug即使,用來(lái)引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
3. come up 走上前來(lái),走近,發(fā)生,出現 come up with 追上,趕上,提出
4. communicate with sb 和某人交流
5. be different from… 與……不同
be different in … 在……方面不同
Most of my projects are different in performance.
我多數作品的演奏風(fēng)格都不同。
6. be based on 以……為基礎
7. at present 目前,眼下 for the present眼前;暫時(shí)
8. make good/better/fulluse of
9. the latter后者 the former 前者
10. a large number of 大量的 the number of …的數量
11. such as 例如
12. hold on 堅持住,握住不放;打電話(huà)時(shí)等—會(huì )
13. … you will hear the difference in the waythat/ in which people speak.
你會(huì )聽(tīng)出人們在說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的差異。
14. play a role/ part in 在…中擔任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一個(gè)角色
15. the same …as… 與……一樣
16. at the top of…在…頂上
at the bottom of 在……底部
17. bring up 教養,養育;提出
18. request sb not to do sth. 要求某人做/不要做某事
19. be satisfied with…對……感到滿(mǎn)意,滿(mǎn)足于
20. suggest v. request,insist…
I suggested you do what he says. 我建議你按照他說(shuō)的去做。
I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天還是不要去了。
His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他蒼白的臉色暗示了他身體不好。
注意:insist 意思為“堅持要求”時(shí)后面的that從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;如果insist 意為“強調,堅持認為”的時(shí)候,從句可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。例如:She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她堅持認為她沒(méi)撒謊。
21. according to…. 按照… 根據…
Unit 3
1.prefer
Prefer doing …to doing…
Prefer to do rather than do
2.advantages /disadvantages 優(yōu)勢/劣勢
2.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 從高中起,我姐姐王維和我就一直夢(mèng)想做一次偉大的自行車(chē)旅行。
連詞since 引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),介詞since 與時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用
It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since+一般過(guò)去時(shí);自從……至今已經(jīng)多久了。
3. persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 說(shuō)服某人做某事
4. 強調句型 It is/was+被強調部分+that/who
強調句型可以強調除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來(lái)說(shuō),如果被強調部分是人時(shí),用連詞that或who;如果被強調部分是物,只能用連詞that。
not … until 的強調句
5.be fond of 喜歡,喜愛(ài)
6. Although 盡管,雖然,引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
、 although 從句多在句首, though 從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置,而且though 可以作副詞用于句末,作“但是,不過(guò)”講,而although 無(wú)此用法。
、 as though仿佛,好像,even though即使,盡管中不能用although。
、 though 引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以倒裝將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形前置到句首,此用法同as,而 although 不可以。
7. insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、堅持主張
She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly.
她老是一大早起來(lái)把收音機音量開(kāi)大
11.care about 關(guān)心;在乎
care for 喜歡,照料,照顧
12.change one’s mind 改變主意
13. experience 經(jīng)歷/經(jīng)驗
14. Once 可作為從屬連詞,作“一旦……就……”解,連接一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。從句中常用一般現在時(shí)現在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)。
Once you have begun you must continue.
15. give in 讓步 give up 放棄
16. instead of 代替,而不是
17. make up one’s mind to do下定決心做某事
18.a large parcel of 一大包
19.as usual 像往常一樣
20.put up our tent 搭帳篷
21.stay awake 睡不著(zhù),醒著(zhù) stay up 熬夜
22. for company 做伴
23.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下
24.can hardly wait to do=can’t wait to do迫不及待做某事
25.go in the right direction 走正確的方向
26. at a very slow pace. 以很慢的速度
27.be similar to 類(lèi)似于
28.afford to do sth 付得起,能承擔
29.be tired from 因……而疲勞 be tired of 對……厭倦
30. be in high spirits 喜氣洋洋,興高采烈
31.come true 實(shí)現,成真
32. give sb some advice on doing...
33. a guide to… ……的指南
34.on a tour 在游覽中,在巡演中
35.in detail 詳細地
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結9
各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概述
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念:它是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的執行或被執行關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構成
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式是由“助動(dòng)詞be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著(zhù)主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式如下:
1、一般現在時(shí)am/is/are +過(guò)去分詞
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China。
2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were +過(guò)去分詞
例如:These trees were planted the year before last。
3、一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall + be +過(guò)去分詞
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school。
4、現在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are + being +過(guò)去分詞
例如:Your radio is being repaired now。
5、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were + being +過(guò)去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed。
6、現在完成時(shí)have/has + been +過(guò)去分詞
His work has been finished。
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has。 / No, it hasn’t。
7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)had + been +過(guò)去分詞
注意:
1、除了be之外的其它系動(dòng)詞如get, stay等也可以和過(guò)去分詞構成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered。
2、含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞”結構。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country。
This work can’t be done until Mr。 Black comes。
3。含有“be going to”, “be to”等結構的謂語(yǔ),其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)分別用“be going to + be +過(guò)去分詞”和“be to + be +過(guò)去分詞”。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting。
All these books are to be taken to the library。
4、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結構的'區別:“連系動(dòng)詞+用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞”構成的系表結構,與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式完全一樣,所以應注意它們的區別。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞是動(dòng)詞,多強調動(dòng)作;系表結構中的過(guò)去分詞相當于形容詞,多強調狀態(tài)。前者通?捎胋y引出動(dòng)作的執行者,而后者則不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone。(被動(dòng)結構)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries。(系表結構)
系表結構中的過(guò)去分詞通?杀籿ery修飾,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的過(guò)去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如:
He was very excited。(系表結構)
He was much excited by her words。(被動(dòng)結構)
5。主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式有被動(dòng)意味,如open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)一般是物。例如:
These books sell well。這些書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)。
The door won’t shut。這門(mén)關(guān)不上。
The clothes wash well。這些衣服很好洗。
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結10
一、現在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的構成(形式)
外教一對一一般式doing being done style="text-indent: 2em; text-align: left;">完成式having done having been done
過(guò)去分詞的構成:done
二、過(guò)去分詞的用法
過(guò)去分詞一般表示完成的和被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,只有一種形式。
過(guò)去分詞用法如下:
1.作定語(yǔ)和現在分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法相同。作定語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞如果是單詞,一般放在名詞的前面;如果是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),要放在名詞的后面。
2.作表語(yǔ)
3.作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)
4.作狀語(yǔ)
三、現在分詞的用法
1.作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)用的分詞如果是單詞,一般放在名詞的前面。如果是分詞短語(yǔ),一般放在名詞的后面,它的功用相當于定語(yǔ)從句。
2.作表語(yǔ)
3.作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)分詞在復合賓語(yǔ)中可作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)?蓭н@種復合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。
高一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。所謂虛擬語(yǔ)氣是表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的'愿望、假設、猜測或建議,而不表示客觀(guān)存在的事實(shí)。它通過(guò)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。
現歸納如下:純假設,用虛擬,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)退一級:條件句,分主從,主句謂語(yǔ)前加would (should,could,might);表愿望,用虛擬,wish后面接賓語(yǔ)(從句):現在過(guò)去與將來(lái),動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)退一級:提建議,用虛擬,賓語(yǔ)(從句)動(dòng)詞用(should)do:倆建議,三要求,再加堅持與命令
(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order):It is time和eoukd rather,后接叢句用虛擬:部分主語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)用虛擬結構(It is necessry
/important/natural/natural/strange/strange that??should do)。下面舉例說(shuō)明:
A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (條件句虛擬)
B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虛擬)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建議虛擬)
E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊從句虛擬)
F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主語(yǔ)從句虛擬) H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊從句虛擬)
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)
一、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
1.概念:立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本結構:主語(yǔ)+was/were +going to + do+其它;主語(yǔ)+would/should + do+其它
4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not + going to + do;主語(yǔ)+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑問(wèn)句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他說(shuō)他第二天要去北京。
I asked who was going there.我問(wèn),誰(shuí)要去那里。
二、現在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.概念:表示現階段或說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本結構:主語(yǔ)+be +doing +其它
4.否定形式:主語(yǔ)+be +not +doing+其它
5.一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。
6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今天感覺(jué)如何?
He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現得很好。
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結11
1) decrease fromto從減少到
2) decrease to減少到
3) decrease by + %減少了百分之
4) die out滅亡
5) die of/from因而死(內因of,外因from)
6) die away (聲音,風(fēng)等)逐漸消失,停息
7) die off先后死去
8) in danger (of)在危險中
9) out of danger脫險
10) burst into突然迸發(fā)
11) burst out doing突然做某事
12) eg: burst into laughter =burst out laughing
13) protectfrom保護不受(危害)
14) protect sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
15) protectfrom/against防止
16) stop sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
17) have an effect on對產(chǎn)生影響
18) have no effect on對沒(méi)有影響
19) come into effect開(kāi)始生效
20) succeed in doing sth成功地做某事
21) out of employ失業(yè)
22) employ oneself in忙于,從事
23) do harm to對有害
24) mean no harm沒(méi)有惡意
25) according to根據,視而定
26) long before早在之前很久
27) before long不久以后
28) = soon after/shortly after (與將來(lái),過(guò)去連用)
29) come into being產(chǎn)生,誕生,成立
30) = come into existence = come into force
31) bringinto being使生產(chǎn),使形成
32) come into power開(kāi)始執政,上臺
33) come into effect生效
34) come into fashion開(kāi)始流行
35) for sure一定要,必須,必然,肯定的
36) be sure of doing sth主自己對做某事有把握
37) be sure to do sth肯定會(huì )做某事(以旁觀(guān)者)
38) be sure of確信,保證
39) be sure (that)確信(that常省略)
40) be/feel sure about對有把握
41) make sure of確保,確定
42) make sure (that)確實(shí),證實(shí)
43) be not sure whether/when/where/what/why
不確定是否/何時(shí)/哪里/什么/為何
44) so that結果,以至于,為了
45) sothat如此以至于
46) in peace和平地
47) in relief如釋重負
48) pay attention to注意
49) show mercy to對表示憐憫
50) economic loss經(jīng)濟損失
51) sell at a loss虧本出售
52) long to do sth渴望做某事
53) endangered species瀕危物種
54) fly away飛走
55) a certain number of一定數量的
56) run after追趕
57) improve the environment改善環(huán)境
58) lose ones chance失去機會(huì )
59) tens of millions of years ago好幾百萬(wàn)年前
60) as black as night漆黑一片
61) as bold as a lion勇猛如獅
62) as hard as a stone鐵石心腸
63) as strong as a horse健壯如牛
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結12
1. know about了解關(guān)于事
2. make a bet打賭
3. win or lose the bet在打賭中贏(yíng)或輸
4. have bad luck運氣不好
5. step inside走進(jìn)里面
6. lead the way帶路
7. I wonder if我想知道是否
8. go right ahead說(shuō)下去
9. as a matter of fact事實(shí)上
10. by accident/bychance偶然
11. sail out of the bay駛出海灣
12. stare at盯著(zhù)
13. towards nightfall到夜幕降臨時(shí)
16. work as an unpaid hand 免費勞動(dòng)
17. account for導致
18. to be honest坦白地說(shuō)
20. be on my way上路
21. show sb. out把某人帶出去
22. be confident about對自信
23. the cost of a journey旅行費用
24. give sb. a ride讓某人搭車(chē)
25. lose ones patience失去耐心
27. fall over跌到
28. account for your behaviour
對你的`行為做出解釋
30. show a willingness to do sth.
表示樂(lè )意做謀事
32. be reserved被預定了
33. take the gentlemans order
讓那位紳士點(diǎn)菜
34. the look on the waiters face
服務(wù)員臉上的表情
35. take a chance碰碰運氣
36. read the bill看帳單
37. in a rude manner用粗魯的方式
38. for a while一會(huì )兒
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結13
【知識點(diǎn)】
1.right away毫不遲疑,立刻
2.It seemed as if the world was at an end.世界似乎到了末日。
從句表示“(在某人)看來(lái)好像;似乎”
、 It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起來(lái)好像…
、 Sb./Sth.looks as if/though…
、 There seems/appears(to be)…
There appears to have been a mistake.
2.in ruins.變?yōu)閺U墟
3.Two-thirds
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5.under the weight of在……重壓下,迫于
6.in the open air在戶(hù)外,在野外,露天
7.take turns to do sth依次,輪流做某事
in turn依次地,輪流地
8.be shocked at對……感到震驚
9.be proud of以……為自豪
10.express one’s thanks to sb/for sth…對/因……表示感謝
11.without warning毫無(wú)預兆
12.next to緊接著(zhù),相鄰,次于
13.get away from…避免,擺脫,離開(kāi)
14.disaster-hit areas災區
15.Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody.
聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)是一項很重要的技能,因為只有當我們懂得別人給我們說(shuō)什么我們才能與他交談。
16.It is believed that人們認為…
17.hold up舉起;托住;支撐列舉,推舉
18.make up彌補,虛構,整理,和解,化妝,拼湊
19.be trapped in被困于…
20.It is said that…據說(shuō)...
21.be fixed to…被固定到……
22.be tied to…被綁在……
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結14
(一)、some與any的用法
1.some用于肯定句以及表示建議或期待得到肯定回答的'問(wèn)句。修飾單數名詞時(shí),意為某個(gè)。如:I have some questions about the assignment. (希望得到肯定答復)。
2. any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí),表示一些。用于肯定句時(shí),只和單數名詞或不可數名詞連用,表示任何。如:The medicine is on sale every where. You can get it at any chemist?s.
(二) 、 each與every的用法
1. each強調個(gè)體,表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè),在句中可充當主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。如:There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.
2. every強調整體,表示三者或三者以上中的每一個(gè),只能作定語(yǔ),不能說(shuō)every of them,要說(shuō)every one of them .Every student in our class works hard.
(三)、 no one與none的用法
1. no one意為沒(méi)有人,只能指人,不能指物,不可與介詞of連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數形式,回答who引導的問(wèn)句。如:Who is in the classroom? No one.
2. none既可指人,也可指物,強調數量,意為一點(diǎn)也不,一個(gè)也不;謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數也可用復數;常與of連用,通常指三者以上的人或物中沒(méi)有一個(gè),回答how much和how many引導的問(wèn)句。如:They were all tired,but none of them would stop to have a rest.
四、 other,another,others,any other,the other的用法
高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結15
1、common
表示"普通的,常見(jiàn)的;共同的;共有的;一般的"。
作名詞,表示"(公有)草地"。
becommonknowledge人所共知。
thecommontouch平易近人的美德commonground共同的意見(jiàn),利益,目標等
commonsense常識,情理區別common,ordinary,usual,general,normal
common指因許多事物或許多人所共同具有而常見(jiàn)的.意思。
ordinary指由于與一般事物性質(zhì)和標準相同,因而顯得平常,無(wú)奇特之處。
usual"通常的,慣常的",含有"隨集體風(fēng)俗或個(gè)人習慣而常常發(fā)生"之意。
normal意為"正常的",強調正常性。
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