高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結
在年少學(xué)習的日子里,是不是聽(tīng)到知識點(diǎn),就立刻清醒了?知識點(diǎn)是知識中的最小單位,最具體的內容,有時(shí)候也叫“考點(diǎn)”。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識點(diǎn),以下是小編幫大家整理的高一英語(yǔ)知識點(diǎn)總結,歡迎大家分享。
deal
作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為"經(jīng)營(yíng)",在所經(jīng)營(yíng)的對象前面加in,多指經(jīng)營(yíng)貨物,公債,股票等。
dealwith常表示的意思有:
處理,解決,安排;
對待,對付,主語(yǔ)是人;
談?wù),涉及?/p>
deal作及物動(dòng)詞,表示"分發(fā),對待"。
dealsbablow打擊某人
作名詞,表示"買(mǎi)賣(mài),交易,協(xié)議,政策,對待"。均是可數名詞。
technology和technique
technology是技術(shù)的總稱(chēng),不是指一項一項的具體技術(shù),是不可數名詞。
technique表示"某種技能,技巧",指一項一項的技術(shù)技巧,是可數名詞。
語(yǔ)法
一、結構:現在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結構就是現在完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結構的疊合,
即"have+been+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞"。
二、用法:現在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結構常用于以下兩種情況:
(1)主謂關(guān)系被動(dòng),而且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去一直延續到現在;
(2)主謂關(guān)系被動(dòng),而且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但已對現在造成影響或結果。
三、現在完成時(shí)主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句之間的轉換:如果要將現在完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)句轉換成被動(dòng)句,則要把其賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結構,主語(yǔ)變?yōu)橛山樵~引導的狀語(yǔ)或直接將其省略;反之,如果要把被動(dòng)句變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)句,則恢復其原來(lái)的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞套用主動(dòng)結構。
重點(diǎn)單詞
major local represent curious introduce
approach stranger express action general
avoid misunderstand similar agreement adult
punish intend means universal cultural
apologize behave bow flight defence
dormitory canteen dash comfortable distance
prefer touch custom false hug
function international powerful greet fist
yawn threaten respectful association gesture
固定搭配
1.be good to對……友好be good for對……有益;be bad to…/be bad for…
2.add up加起來(lái)增加
add up to合計,總計
add…to把……加到……
3.not…until/till意思是“直到…才”
4.get sth/sb done使……完成/使某人被……
5.calm down平靜下來(lái)
6.be concerned about關(guān)心,關(guān)注
7.當while,when,before,after等引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。
While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose.
8.cheat in the exam考試作弊
9.go through經(jīng)歷;度過(guò);獲準,通過(guò)
10.hide away躲藏;隱藏
11.set down寫(xiě)下,記下
12.I wonder if…我不知道是不是…
12.on purpose故意
13.sth happen to sb某人發(fā)生某事
sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事
it so happened that……正巧、碰巧
14.It is the first(second…)that…(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現在完成時(shí))
15.in one’s power處于……的控制之中
16.It’s no pleasure doing…做…沒(méi)有樂(lè )趣
It’s no good/use doing sth.做某事是沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用的
17.She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.it做形式賓語(yǔ)
18.suffer from患…病;遭受
19.so…that…/such…thay…
20.get tired of…對…感到勞累、疲憊
21.have some trouble with sb/sth.在……上遇到了麻煩
22.get along with sb/sth.與某人相處
23.ask(sb)for advice.(向某人)征求建議
24.make后接復合賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)須用不帶to的不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞等。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種形式:
make sb.do sth.讓(使)某人做某事
make sb./sth.+adj.使某人/物…
make sb./oneself+v-ed、讓某人/自己被…
When you speak,you should make yourself understood.
make sb.+n.使某人成為…
25.alone /lonely.單獨的/孤獨的
26.I would be grateful if…委婉客氣提出請求
27.Why not do…=why don’t you do…
common
表示"普通的,常見(jiàn)的;共同的;共有的;一般的"。
作名詞,表示"(公有)草地"。
becommonknowledge人所共知。
thecommontouch平易近人的美德commonground共同的意見(jiàn),利益,目標等
commonsense常識,情理區別common,ordinary,usual,general,normal
common指因許多事物或許多人所共同具有而常見(jiàn)的意思。
ordinary指由于與一般事物性質(zhì)和標準相同,因而顯得平常,無(wú)奇特之處。
usual"通常的,慣常的",含有"隨集體風(fēng)俗或個(gè)人習慣而常常發(fā)生"之意。
normal意為"正常的",強調正常性。
重點(diǎn)單詞講解。
(1)add
、 add …to…把…添加…/把…加起來(lái)
、 add up to共計,總共
、 add to增添
(2)upset
過(guò)去式:upset過(guò)去分詞:upset現在分詞:upsetting
adj.心煩意亂的,不安的,不適的
be upset about/over為某事心煩、不安
be upset that心煩
vt.使不安,使心煩
It upsets sb that讓某人心煩的是
It upsets sb to do sth做某事使某人不安
(3)concern
vt.使擔心,顧慮,涉及,關(guān)系到
n.擔心,關(guān)注,利害關(guān)系
、賏s far as sb/sth + be concerned就某人而言,對于某人來(lái)說(shuō)
as far as I am concerned就我而言,對于我來(lái)說(shuō)
as far as he is concerned對他來(lái)說(shuō)
as far as English is concerned關(guān)于英語(yǔ),對于英語(yǔ)
、赽e concerned about/for關(guān)心,掛念
have no concerned about/for
、踒e concerned in/with涉及到,與…有關(guān)
have no concerned in/with
(4)go through
、俳(jīng)歷,遭受,忍受go through one difficulty after another.經(jīng)歷一個(gè)又一個(gè)困難。
、谧屑殭z查,審查go through your paper檢查你的試卷。
、蹫g覽,翻閱go through all the related reference.瀏覽相關(guān)資料。
、芡ㄟ^(guò),穿過(guò)=pass through go through a great forest.穿過(guò)一片大森林。
、萃瓿蒰o through the task.完成任務(wù)。
(5)suffer
、賡uffer作“遭受”時(shí),后面直接接pain, loss, injury, harm或punishment.
、趕uffer作“受…苦”時(shí),常常搭配:suffer from
(6)get/be tired of厭煩…
get/be/feel tired of sb / sth / doing sth厭煩
be tired from由于…而疲勞(體力上的疲勞),側重原因
be tired out精疲力竭的
(7)join in參加,加入
區別join ,join in ,attend與take part in:
join:多指加入組織,團體,黨派等,有作為其中一員的意思。例:join the army參軍
join in:參加某項游戲,活動(dòng),討論等。常用結構:join sb in
例:Will you join us in a walk?
attend:參加會(huì )議,婚禮,葬禮,上課,講座,聽(tīng)報告等。
例:attend a lecture參加一個(gè)講座。
take part in:多指參加群眾性的活動(dòng),運動(dòng),戰爭等。
例:take part in the march.
虛擬條件句
條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況,在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
l-條件從句與現在事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語(yǔ)十過(guò)去時(shí),tiag+should (could,would,或might)+動(dòng)詞原形,例如:If l were you,1 would study hard.
2.條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致,句型為:If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞,主語(yǔ)+should(could, would,或might)+have+過(guò)去分詞,例如:If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term
3.條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致,句型為:lf+主語(yǔ)+should/were to+do,主語(yǔ)+should( could.)+原形do,例如:If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes.
注意:
1.If條件句中絕對不可出現“would”。
2-根據句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)可能出現“混合虛擬”的情況,即主句可能是現在的情況,條件句也許是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況,但都遵守上述句型。
3.在條件句中如果出現were,had,should可省去if
將這些詞提前置于句首構成倒裝,例如:w。re I to go tothe moon one clay,1 would see it with my own eyes.如果有一天我登上月球,我就可以親眼目睹它的樣子了。
直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
(一)直接引述別人的原話(huà),叫做直接引語(yǔ);用自己話(huà)轉述別人的話(huà),叫做間接引語(yǔ)。間接引語(yǔ)一般構成賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)必須放在引號內,間接引語(yǔ)則不用引號。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),除將引語(yǔ)部分變成賓語(yǔ)從句外,還必須對直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行改變。
1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化:直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),通常受轉述動(dòng)詞said, asked等的影響而使用過(guò)去化的時(shí)態(tài),即把原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)向過(guò)去推,也就是一般現在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí),現在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),等等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2.人稱(chēng)代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等等的變化:根據意義進(jìn)行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),都使用陳述語(yǔ)序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)所用的連詞會(huì )有所不同。直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問(wèn)句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句,則用疑問(wèn)詞引導間接引語(yǔ)。轉述的動(dòng)詞一般用asked,可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句,改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據原句的語(yǔ)氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something.例如:
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
raise vt.“使……上升;升起;提高”等;
rise vi.“上升;升起”;
arise vi.“站起來(lái)(stand up)”,“起床(get up)”
rise和arise用作站起,起床都屬正式用法;arise主要表示“出現、發(fā)生”等意思。
She raised her voice in anger. (抬高)
The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起)
The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起)
She rises before it is light. (起床)
Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出現)
重點(diǎn)短句
1. be good to對......友好be good for對......有益;be bad to…/be bad for…
2. add up加起來(lái)增加add up to合計,總計
add… to把......加到......
3. not…until/till意思是“直到…才”
4. get sth/sb done使......完成/使某人被......
5. calm down平靜下來(lái)
6. be concerned about關(guān)心關(guān)注
7.當while, when, before, after等引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。
While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose.
8. cheat in the exam考試作弊
9. go through經(jīng)歷;度過(guò);獲準,通過(guò)
10. hide away躲藏;隱藏1
1. set down寫(xiě)下,記下
12. I wonder if…..我不知道是不是…. 12. on purpose故意
13. sth happen to sb某人發(fā)生某事
sb happen to do sth某人碰巧做某事it so happened that ......正巧碰巧
14. It is the first (second…) that… (從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用現在完成時(shí))
15. in one’s power處于......的控制之中
16. It’s no pleasure doing….做…..沒(méi)有樂(lè )趣
It’s no good/ use doing sth.做某事是沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用的
17. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. it做形式賓語(yǔ)
18. suffer from患…病;遭受19. so…that… /such…thay…
20. get tired of….對…感到勞累疲憊
21. have some trouble with sb/sth.在......上遇到了麻煩22. get along with sb/sth.與某人相處
23. ask(sb)for advice. (向某人)征求建議
24. make后接復合賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)須用不帶to的不定式、形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞等。常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種形式:
make sb. do sth.讓(使)某人做某事make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物…
make sb./ oneself +v-ed讓某人/自己被…
When you speak, you should make yourself understood. make sb.+n.使某人成為…
25. alone /lonely.單獨的/孤獨的
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