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第19單元重點(diǎn)知識輔導

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-2-8 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

羅玉南

重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法

1.march的用法

1)march可用作動(dòng)詞,表示“行進(jìn),前進(jìn)”。

①They marched in and took over the town.

他們進(jìn)占了這個(gè)鎮子。

②The army has marched thirty miles today.

部隊今天行軍三十英里。

③We are marching on science and technology.

我們正向科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)軍。

2)march也可用作名詞,意為“行軍,行進(jìn)”,也指“示威游行!

①I(mǎi)t was a long and difficult march.

這是一次艱難的長(cháng)途行軍。

②It was a day's march from the city to the camp.

從城市到營(yíng)地是一天的行程。

③It is a peace march. 這是一次為爭取和平的游行。

3)中國工農紅軍的“萬(wàn)里長(cháng)征”:The Long March.

2.demand的用法

1)demand表示具體的“要求”或“要求的東西”時(shí),為可數名詞。

①I(mǎi)t is impossible to satisfy all demands.

有求必應是不可能的。

②There're so many demands on my time that I have very little leisure. 有許多事要花時(shí)間去做,簡(jiǎn)直沒(méi)有空暇。

2)demand用于表示抽象、籠統的“要求”,是不可數名詞,但可用a (an)加形容詞來(lái)修飾。

①I(mǎi)s there much / a great demand for teachers in this town?

這個(gè)鎮子很需要老師嗎?

②Our goods are in great demand. 我們的貨走俏。

3)demand可用作及物動(dòng)詞。人做主語(yǔ)時(shí),表示“請求,強令,詢(xún)問(wèn)”,物做主語(yǔ)時(shí),作“需要”解。

①The door keeper demanded my business.守門(mén)人問(wèn)我有何事。

②He demanded the waiter. 他招呼服務(wù)員。

③This illness demands a long rest.這種病需要長(cháng)期休養。

④Does the letter demand an immediate answer?

這信需要立即回復嗎?

【注意】demand不可帶雙賓語(yǔ),只可使用of或from.

①I(mǎi) demand a definite answer of him.

我要求他給我一個(gè)明確答案。

②He demanded money from the woman.他向那位婦女要錢(qián)。

4)demand可用名詞作定語(yǔ),也可使用that從句作賓語(yǔ),但從句中須用should加動(dòng)詞原形形式,should可省略。

①The policeman demands her address.警察要她說(shuō)出地址。

②He demands that I (should) tell him everything.

他要我把一切都告訴他。

③We demand that the meeting (should)鷅e postponed.

我們要求會(huì )議延期召開(kāi)。

3.dream的用法

dream [dri:m] n. “夢(mèng);夢(mèng)想;心愿”vt. “做夢(mèng);夢(mèng)見(jiàn)”。例如:

①I(mǎi) sometimes have terrible dreams at night.

我有時(shí)在夜間做些可怕的夢(mèng)。

②The little boy has dreams of being a scientist.

那位小男孩夢(mèng)想當一名科學(xué)家。

③His dream is to win the first prize in the match.

他的心愿是在這次競賽中獲得一等獎。

④I dreamed a strange dream that night.

那天夜里我做了一個(gè)奇怪的夢(mèng)。

4.forbid的用法

forbid [f+'bid] vt. 禁止;不許;阻止。forbid為不規則動(dòng)詞,過(guò)去式為forbade,過(guò)去分詞為forbidden。例如:

①We should forbid our children to smoke.

我們應該禁止孩子吸煙。

②She forbade her daughter to eat too much meat.

她不允許她女兒吃太多的肉。

③Students are forbidden to use the computer without the teacher's special permission.

沒(méi)有老師的特別允許,學(xué)生不許使用這臺電腦。

④The terrible weather forbids us to have a picnic.

糟糕的天氣使我們無(wú)法去野餐。

5.win,鷅eat和defeat

1)win的意思是“贏(yíng)”、“獲勝”、“得到成功”,在作為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),它的賓語(yǔ)往往是獎品、獎學(xué)金、名譽(yù)、財產(chǎn)、戰爭或運動(dòng)等等。如:

①She had a nature that quickly won her the friendship of her classmates.

她具有一種天性,這使她很快地獲得同學(xué)們的友誼。

②He soon won a reputation for himself.

他很快就為自己贏(yíng)得了聲譽(yù)。

③Mary won the first place in the competition.

瑪麗在競賽中獲得第一名。

④He won three second places in the seven events.

他在七項比賽中得了三個(gè)第二名。

2)beat譯成漢語(yǔ)也有“贏(yíng)”、“取勝”、“戰勝”之意。但跟win的用法不同,這個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面跟的是比賽、競爭中的對手或戰爭中的敵人。如:

①I(mǎi) beat John at chess yesterday.昨天我和約翰下棋并贏(yíng)了他。

②We beat their team by 5∶4.我們以五比四戰勝他們隊。

③I'll beat you to the top of that hill.

我們比賽看誰(shuí)先到山頂上,我將贏(yíng)你。

3)defeat本來(lái)用于描述戰爭中打敗敵人,現在可與beat換用,以表示擊敗對手。

①He was badly defeated / beaten in the election.

他在選舉中慘敗。

②Last term our school defeated / beat their school at football.

上學(xué)期在足球賽中我們學(xué)校贏(yíng)了他們學(xué)校。

6.imagine的用法

imagine [i'm$dNin] vt. 想象;設想。其后通常跟名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式、復合結構、從句等。例如:

①We can't imagine the situation in spaceship.

我們想象不到在飛船里的情況。

②You can imagine their delight at the good news.

你可以想象他們聽(tīng)了這個(gè)好消息有多么高興。

③I can't imagine working with such a foolish man.

我難以想象與那種傻瓜在一起工作的情形。

④Imagine her to be in your place,how would she act?

設想她處于你的地位,她會(huì )怎么辦?

⑤We shouldn't imagine ourselves to be always wrong.

我們不要以為自己總是錯的。

⑥You can't imagine what a beautiful scenery the West Lake is.

你想象不出西湖景色是多么的美。

7.share的用法

1)share作名詞時(shí),意為“分得的一份”、“股份”,是可數名詞。

①She owns fifty shares in the business.

她在這家企業(yè)中占有五十股。

②They divided the money into equal shares.

他們把錢(qián)分成若干等份。

share作“一分責任/功勞”解釋時(shí)是不可數名詞,但可與a連用,表示具體的一種。如:

③What share did he have in their success?

在他們的成功中他有什么貢獻?

④You must take your share of the blame.

你必須承受你那一份過(guò)失。

2)share作為動(dòng)詞時(shí),解釋為“分給”、“共有”、“分享”。如:

①He would share his last penny with me.即使他只有一分錢(qián),也會(huì )分給我用。

②He hated having to share the hotel bedroom with a stranger.

他不喜歡和陌生人同住這個(gè)旅館的房間。

③I will share (in) the cost with you.我將與你分攤費用。

④She shares (in) my troubles as well as (in) my joys.她與我苦樂(lè )與共。

8.some time,鷖ometime和sometimes的用法區別

1)some time的意思是“一段時(shí)間”。例如:

①I(mǎi)t took the old blind man quite some time to find the elephant at all.

就是找到大象還花了那位老盲人相當一段時(shí)間呢。

②The fire kept burning for some time before it was put down.

大火燒了一些時(shí)候才被撲滅。

2)sometime是指“在某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間”,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),也可用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中。例如:

③We are sure to return the book sometime next month.

我們下一個(gè)月某個(gè)時(shí)候肯定還書(shū)。

④Our office building was built sometime around 1988.

我們的辦公樓是1988年的某個(gè)時(shí)候建成的。

3)sometime是頻度副詞,意為“有時(shí)”,“不止一次”。例如:

⑤Sometimes he can answer the question correctly and sometimes incorrectly.

他有時(shí)能正確地回答問(wèn)題,有時(shí)回答得不正確。

⑥We sometimes go on working until early next morning.

我們有時(shí)一直工作到第二天一早。

9.educate的用法

1)educate用作動(dòng)詞,意為“訓練某人的思想性格,教育某人!

①The public should be educated in how to use energy more effectively.

公眾應受到合理利用能源的教育。

②Parents should educate their children to behave well.

父母應當教育子女守規矩。

③Where were you educated? 你在哪兒接受的(學(xué)校)教育?

2)education是其名詞形式,意為“教育”。是個(gè)不可數名詞。

①A child receives its early education at home.

幼兒在家接受早期教育。

②No country can afford to neglect the education of its young people.

任何國家都不能忽視對年輕人的教育。

10.form的用法

1)form可用作名詞,可指“外貌、外形、形式”或“禮貌”。

①We could just manage to see the form of an air-craft taking off in the fog.

飛機在霧中起飛,我們僅僅能看出它的輪廓。

②The plural form of“goose” is“geese".

goose的復數形式是geese。

③What is the form? 怎樣才算得體?

2)form作名詞還可表示“(運動(dòng)員等的)狀態(tài)”。

①The team were on excellent form throughout the whole competition.

這個(gè)隊在整個(gè)比賽過(guò)程中一直處于極好的競技狀態(tài)。

②On present form,鶶pain will win tonight's match.

就西班牙目前的狀態(tài)來(lái)看,今晚的比賽能贏(yíng)。

③They were both in good form at dinner.

晚飯時(shí)他們倆精神都挺好。

3)form用作名詞還可指“表格”。

He is filling in the application form.他正在填申請表。

4)form可用作動(dòng)詞,表示“形成、構成”或“組織”。

①The reservoir was formed by flooding the valley.

這個(gè)水庫是水淹沒(méi)山谷而形成的。

②The Labour Leader was asked to form a new government.

工黨領(lǐng)袖被要求組織新政府。

③His research formed the basis of his new book.

他的研究成果是他這本新書(shū)的基穿

5)form作動(dòng)詞,還意為“排列”、“養成”。

①The teacher formed the children into a line.老師讓學(xué)生排成一行。

②A(yíng) good character is formed by strict discipline.

好的性格是靠嚴格的紀律培養起來(lái)的。

11.separate與divide

1)divide意為“分開(kāi)”、“分成”。指把具有統一性的東西分成幾部分,往往含有自然劃分之意,并強調按比例“劃分”,“分隔”成若干部分。如:

①The fence divides the garden in half.籬笆把花園隔成兩半。

②Our class is divided into four groups.我們班被分成四組。

③The shop assistants divided the apples into different classes.

店員把蘋(píng)果按級分類(lèi)。

④He divides his time between work and play.

他的時(shí)間分別用于工作和娛樂(lè )。

2)separate意為“使分開(kāi)”、“使分離”、“分手”。指把原來(lái)結合在一起或混雜的東西分開(kāi),被分開(kāi)的東西沒(méi)有任何統一性,有時(shí)含有用暴力強行分開(kāi)之意。

①England is separated from France by the English Channel.

英國和法國被英吉利海峽分開(kāi)。

②Can you separate oxygen from air?

你能把氧氣從空氣中分離出來(lái)嗎?

③We talked until midnight and then separated.

我們談到午夜才分手。

④Separate the good ones from the bad.把好的和壞的分開(kāi)。

3)separate還可以作形容詞,意為“分開(kāi)的”、“各別的”如:

①Keep these separate from those.不要把這些和那些混在一起。

②The children sleep in separate beds.

孩子們各自睡在自己床上。

重要詞組短語(yǔ)

1.put … into prison的用法

put … into prison意為“將某人關(guān)進(jìn)監獄”,其被動(dòng)形式為be put into prison(被關(guān)進(jìn)監獄),be sent to prison(被送進(jìn)監獄),be in prison (在監獄里),be thrown into prison(被投入監獄)。注意這些詞組中prison前通常都不加冠詞。再如:

①They have been in prison for five years.

他們已經(jīng)坐了五年牢。

②Both the robbers and the thieves should be sent to prison.

搶劫犯和小偷都應該被送去坐牢。

③Anyone who breaks the law should be thrown into prison.

任何人只要犯了法,就應該被投入監獄。

【注意】如果prison前加冠詞,可以指監獄的房子,這里prison是可數名詞。例如:

①They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners.

他們都到監獄里去看犯人去了。

②They broke into the prison and set all the political prisoners free.

他們闖入監獄,把所有政治犯都釋放了。

2.the rest的用法

the rest意為“余留者;其余”,它既可以指代可數名詞,也可以指代不可數名詞 (= what remains; the remains) 。例如:

①They took what they wanted and threw the rest away.

他們把他們想要的拿去了,把其它的丟掉了。

②Some students were studying in the classroom,the rest went to borrow books from the library.

一些同學(xué)在教室里學(xué)習,其他同學(xué)都去到圖書(shū)館借書(shū)去了。

③She lived the rest of her life in China.

她在中國度過(guò)了晚年。

3.join,鷍oin in和take part in

1)加入某黨派、某組織或某社會(huì )團體,用join,不可用join in。如:

①He will never forget the day when he joined the Party.

他永遠也忘不了他入黨的那一天。

②His brother joined the army three years ago.

他哥哥是三年前參軍的。

join還可解釋為“連接”。如:

①The railway joined the two cities.

鐵路把兩個(gè)城市連接起來(lái)了。

②The two clauses are joined by a conjunction.

兩個(gè)分句由一個(gè)連詞連接起來(lái)。

2)說(shuō)參加某種活動(dòng)用join in,如說(shuō)“與其人一起做某事”,則用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如:

①May I join in the game? 我可以參加這個(gè)游戲嗎?

②Come and join us in the discussion. 來(lái)和我們一起討論吧!

③We are having supper now.鶺ould you like to join us?

我們正在吃晚飯,你也來(lái)和我們一起吃好嗎?

3)take part in參加(群眾性活動(dòng)、會(huì )議等),往往指參加者持積極態(tài)度.起一份作用。如:

①A great number of students took part in May 4 Movement.

大批學(xué)生參加了五四運動(dòng)。

②We are going to have an English evening. Do you want to take part?

我們準備舉辦一個(gè)英語(yǔ)晚會(huì ),你想參加嗎?

③How many of you are going to take part?

你們多少人準備參加?

④All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.

所有的學(xué)生都積極參加了大掃除。

4.in danger的用法

in danger意為“處境危險”。例如:

①The little girl is not in danger now.

這個(gè)小女孩現在已脫離危險了。

②While in danger you may ask the police for help.

處境危險時(shí),可向警察求助。

【注意】比較以下短語(yǔ):be in great danger處境極其危險;be in no danger 處境不危險;be out of danger脫險(脫離險境);be in danger of處于……危險之中;be in safety(處境)安全;cannot do sth. with safety做某事不可能沒(méi)有危險。又如:

③He has been out of danger,鷗hat is to say,鷋e is in no danger or he is in safety.

他已經(jīng)脫離了危險,也就是說(shuō),他的處境不危險了.或者說(shuō)他處于安全之中了。

5.come up的用法

1)come up可指“(植物)長(cháng)出地面”,“(太陽(yáng))升起”。

①The flowers are just beginning to come up.

花剛開(kāi)始長(cháng)出地面。

②The seeds I sowed last week haven't come up yet.

我上星期種的種子至今還未發(fā)芽。

③I like to get up early and watch the sun come up.

我喜歡早起看日出。

2)come up表示“過(guò)來(lái)”。

①He came up to the policeman and asked the way.

他走上前去向警察問(wèn)路。

②I could hear footsteps coming up behind me.

我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)身后有腳步聲過(guò)來(lái)。

3)come up可表示“發(fā)生,出現”。

①I(mǎi)'ll let you know if anything comes up.

一有事發(fā)生我就通知你。

②I'm afraid something urgent has come up; I won't be able to see you tonight. 很抱歉,有點(diǎn)兒急事,今晚不能見(jiàn)你了。

4)come up還表示“被提及,被討論”。

①The subject came up in conversation.

這個(gè)話(huà)題在談話(huà)中提到了。

②The question never came up in discussion.

討論中始終未提及這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

5)come up還可表示“(彩票)中獎”。

My number came up and I won £ 100.

我中獎了,贏(yíng)了100英鎊。

6)come up to sth. 表示“升到(某點(diǎn)),達到(某標準)”。

①The water came up to my neck. 水上升到我的頸部。

②His performance didn't really come up to his usual high standard.

他沒(méi)有真正表現出平日的高水平。

③Their holiday in France didn't come up to expectations.

他們在法國度假未盡如人意。

常用句型結構

1.not … but句型

not … but為并列連詞,連接兩個(gè)并列成分,意為“不是……而是”。例如:

①He is not a student,鷅ut a teacher.

他不是學(xué)生,而是教師。(并列表語(yǔ))

②They are not speaking English,鷅ut writing letters.

他們不是在講英語(yǔ),而是在寫(xiě)信。(并列謂語(yǔ))

③Not the student but his parents want to ask for my advice on how to improve spoken English.

不是這個(gè)學(xué)生而是學(xué)生家長(cháng)要求我給提些如何改善英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的建議。(并列主語(yǔ))

【注意】當“not … but”連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持人稱(chēng)和數的一致。又如:

①Not I but a friend of mine has been to Tianjin last summer.

不是我而是我的一個(gè)朋友去年夏天去過(guò)天津。

②Not a friend of mine but I have been to Tianjin last summer.

不是我的一個(gè)朋友而是我去年夏天去過(guò)天津。

③Not he but I speak English fluently.

不是他而是我英語(yǔ)講得流利。

④Not I but he speaks English fluently.

不是我而是他英語(yǔ)講得流利。