I 人稱(chēng)it

人稱(chēng)it可以用來(lái)代替一個(gè)名詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)、一個(gè)分句或一個(gè)句子，避免它們在句中重復。

1.人稱(chēng)it可以指事物、動(dòng)植物或性別不明的嬰兒。

This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.

There is an old tree in front of his house. It is very tall.

The cat is too lazy to move. I must give it a push.

The Whites have a new baby. It’s lovely.

2.人稱(chēng)it可以指包括許多成員在內的集體。

The Women’s Volleyball Team came back yesterday. It has just won the world championship.

3.人稱(chēng)it可以指一個(gè)動(dòng)作或一件事情。

I like hiking, but he doesn’t like it.

My brother was knocked down by a car, but he survived the accident. It was a narrow escape.

It should never happen again. She left away and left the bicycle unlocked.

4.用在“It is/was +表語(yǔ)”結構中，指明某人或某物的身份的，具有這種作用的it可以用來(lái)代替this或that。(有語(yǔ)法學(xué)家稱(chēng)其為指示it。)

-Who’s there? -It’s me / the postman / John.

Last night I tripped over something and fell. What’s that? It’s a stone.

II 無(wú)人稱(chēng)it

無(wú)人稱(chēng)it是虛詞，沒(méi)有任何具體的意義。

1. 無(wú)人稱(chēng)it作主語(yǔ)，用于表示自然現象、時(shí)間、距離、環(huán)境狀況等句子中。

It rains / snows / clears up.

It was summer.

It is ten o’clock.

It’s time to go.

How far is it to Tien An Men?

It’s within a stone’s throw.

It’s very quiet.

2. 無(wú)人稱(chēng)it用在以seem, appear, happen, turn out 作謂語(yǔ)，后面跟that從句的句子中作主語(yǔ)。

It appears that she is an experienced teacher.

It happened that he had been hurt.

It turns out that his article is very instructive.

It seems that he is always correct.

(上一句可以改成He seems to be always correct. 但不可以說(shuō) That he is always correct seems.)

3. 無(wú)人稱(chēng)it作主語(yǔ)用于一些被動(dòng)結構中。

It is said that the new road will be opened to traffic next week.

It is well known that the bridge will be completed ahead of time.

It is considered that the experiment is not worth trying.

4. 無(wú)人稱(chēng)it作主語(yǔ)用于一些習慣用語(yǔ)中。

It makes no difference at all. 一點(diǎn)關(guān)系也沒(méi)有。

It’s hard to say. 這很難說(shuō)。

It comes to nothing. 沒(méi)有什么結果。

It’s splendid ! 好極了！

III 先行it

先行it也是一個(gè)虛詞，在句中作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

1. 作主語(yǔ)

1) 真正主語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)。

It is impossible for me to get there the day after tomorrow.

It’s up to you to decide.

2) 真正主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞。

It’s no use trying to persuade him.

It’s no good your doing that over and over again.

3) 真正主語(yǔ)是名詞性從句。

It is a pity that he is not coming at all.

It is doubtful whether he would play the part.

It doesn’t matter what you do.

2. 作賓語(yǔ)

用在“S + Vt + it + Co + O”句型中，這種句型中賓語(yǔ)較長(cháng)而賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)又較短，因此常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)而把真正的賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)的后面。

1）真正賓語(yǔ)是不定式短語(yǔ)。

I consider it better to be early.

2) 真正賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞。

I don’t think it worthwhile taking so much trouble to do the job.

3) 真正賓語(yǔ)是名詞性從句。

I think it a pity that we shall never have such a chance again.

IV 強調it

強調it也沒(méi)有任何具體意義，強調it的句子結構是：

It + is/was + 被強調的成分 + that + 原句的剩余部分

被強調的成分通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，強調由人所作的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用who替代that，所有的強調句均可以還原成陳述句。

I met Tom in the zoo yesterday.

→ It was I who met Tom in the zoo yesterday.

→ It was Tom that I met in the zoo yesterday.

→ It was in the zoo that I met Tom yesterday.

→ It was yesterday that I met Tom in the zoo.

練 習

I 指出下列各句it的類(lèi)型 (A-人稱(chēng) B-無(wú)人稱(chēng) C-先行 D-強調)

1.It is your daughter who has made that mistake.

2.It appears that he is intelligent.

3.It seems that we are mistaken.

4.It is good for us to go out for a walk every evening after supper.

5.I think it strange that he made so many mistakes in the paper.

6.It is cold outside.

7.(What is it?) It is a ship near the horizon.

8.It was with great difficulty that the mountaineers reached the summit.

9.It was a warm summer morning.

10.(The train pulled in.) It was on time.

11.(I like fish.) It is goog to eat.

12.It occurred to me that there was no time to loss.

13.It is good to be sitting in the sun.

14.The mother warned the children time and again not to play with fire, but the children didn’t take it seriously.

15.It won’t take long to get to Haikou by plane.

16.It’s great fun riding a horse.

17. (The storm stopped.) Now it has cleared up.

18.It was part of the province that was flooded.

19.It arrived late.

20.It’s a fine day, isn’t it!

A：7, 10, 11, 14, 19 B：2, 3, 6, 9, 15, 17, 20

C：4, 5, 12, 13, 16 D：1, 8, 18

II 單項填空

1.______ is ______ who wants to see you.

A.It…h(huán)e B.That…h(huán)e C.It..him D.That…h(huán)im

2.______ used to be thought that the earth was square.

A.He B.What C.It D.That

3.I found ______ impossible for _____ to work out the maths problem.

A.it…h(huán)e B.that…h(huán)e C.that…h(huán)im D.it…h(huán)im

4. -Do you have my pen, Mary?

-Yes，I have ______ right here.

A.one B.it C.this D.that

5.He arrived half an hour late,_____ made us unhappy.

A.that B.it C.as D.which

6.Mary learned Chinese for about two years，______ is, from 1993 to

1995．

A.this B.that C.it D.he

7.Does ______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?

A.this B.that C.he D.it

8.-Hello, who is _______ speaking?

-_______ is Tom speaking．

A.it…It B.that…That C.that…This D.it…He

9.______ ought to be no trouble because he knew the answers．

A.It B.There C.He D.That

10.-Is it going to snow tonight?

-I' m afraid ______ ．

A.it B.that C.so D.this

11.They think ______ possible to learn a foreign language while

studying in the middle school.

A.we are B.this is C.it D.that

12. -Who is knocking at the door?

- .

A.I’m, Mary B.She’s me, Mary C.He’s me D.It’s me, Mary

13.She thought a great honour to be invited to speak to us.

A.that B.this C.it D.it is

14.Is ______ necessary to complete the design before National Day?

A.he B.it C.that D.this

15. She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.

A.it B.which C. this D.that