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省略句

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-2-9 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機版

孟憲永 2017-12-20

一、句子結構的省略

1、有些省略結構可省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),若主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)相同,則可以省略后面的主謂成分。

①、(I'll say )A word about your composition.

②、His advice made me happy, but(his advice made)him angry.

2、有些省略結構可省略主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞。

a、在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as, if,unless,as if,though, as, whether等引導的狀語(yǔ)從句中,若謂語(yǔ)有be動(dòng)詞,而主語(yǔ)又跟主句主語(yǔ)相同或是it時(shí),則主句的主語(yǔ)和be?墒÷。

③、Though (he was)tired, he was not disheartened.他雖然累了,但是沒(méi)有泄氣。

④、(It is)Too bad,we don't have time.真糟糕,我們沒(méi)有時(shí)間。

⑤、His opinion, whether (it is)right or wrong, would be considered.他的意見(jiàn),無(wú)論對錯,都要考慮。

⑥、When(he was)rescued,he was almost dead.當他被救時(shí),他幾乎快死了。

b、there be句中,there be亦可省略。

⑦、(Is there)Anybody in ? 里面有人嗎?

c、定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞與be動(dòng)詞的省略。

1)、凡是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句可省略關(guān)系代詞和be動(dòng)詞。

⑧、The man (who was)sitting in the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的人是我兄弟。

2)、凡是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句可省略關(guān)系代詞與be動(dòng)詞。

⑨、The goods (which were) ordered last month have not arrived.上個(gè)月訂購的貨物還沒(méi)到。

⑩、I saw a girl (who was) dressed in red.我看見(jiàn)一位穿紅衣服的女孩。

3、若主語(yǔ)不同,而謂語(yǔ)中的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相同,則可省略后面的助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

(11)、I should cook and my husband (should) clean.我做飯,我丈夫打掃衛生。

4、定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句中的省略。

a、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom,who,which,that可省略。

(12)、The girl (who\whom\that)the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.老師與其說(shuō)話(huà)的女孩是劉英。

b、在know,think,consider,suppose,find,believe,say,decide等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中that可省略;若帶有多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,只有第一個(gè)可省略,其余的不可以省略。

(13)、I think (that)it will clear up this afternoon.我想今天下午天會(huì )轉晴。

c、由which,when, where, how, why引導的賓語(yǔ)從句可以全部省略或部分省略.

(14)、He will come back, but he doesn't when (he will come bake).他要回來(lái),但不知道什么時(shí)候。

d、在與suggest\request\ order\advise等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣!皊hould + v”形式,should可省略。

(15)、The officer ordered that his men (should) fire.

5、復合句中的特殊省略現象。

a、主句省略多用于句首,在答語(yǔ)中,主句或一些成分可全部省略。

(16)---Why were you absent from school last Friday?

---(I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill.

b、省略一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分,可用so 或 not代替。常用于此類(lèi)的動(dòng)詞有believe , think, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tell等以及appear, seem, afraid等。

(17)、--- Is he feeling better today ?

--- I’m afraid not. (not = he feeling better today)

二、句子成分的省略

1、主語(yǔ)的省略

a、祁使句可省去主語(yǔ)

(18)、Sit down please!

(19)、Hand me the hammer, will you? 把錘子遞給我好嗎?

b、there be 中的there 亦可作為主語(yǔ)省去。

(20)、(There )Must be somebody waiting for you?一定有人等你?

C、在非正式文體中,定語(yǔ)從句在某些句子結構中,也可以省去主語(yǔ)。

(21)、There’s somebody wants to see you.

2、謂語(yǔ)的省略

(22)、Only one of us was injured, and he (was injured) just slightly.我們當中只有一個(gè)人受傷,而且只是輕傷。

(23)、We went through the tests on a Monday. Jenny had hers during the day, and I (had) mine after work.有一個(gè)星期一,我們進(jìn)行了檢查。詹妮在白天,我在下班后。

●有時(shí)可省去謂語(yǔ)中的主要動(dòng)詞。

(24)、We’ll do the best we can (do).我們將盡力而為。

3、助動(dòng)詞的省略,尤其在口語(yǔ)中

(25)、You (had) better try again.你最好再試一下。

(26)、You (are) doing this on purpose?你故意做這事?

(27)、They (have) been coming here a long time.他們很久都想來(lái)這里。

4、賓語(yǔ)的省略

(28)、Let’s do the dishes, I’ll wash (dishes) and you dry(dishes).

5、定語(yǔ)的省略

(29)、If you need any of that firewood, I can give you plenty(of that firewood).如果你需要這柴火,我可以給你很多。

6、狀語(yǔ)的省略

(30)、He was not hurt, (how) strange!他沒(méi)受傷,真奇怪!

7、有些結構可以省略整個(gè)句子

(31)、----Are you all right?

----No, (I’m not right)

8、表語(yǔ)的省略

(32)---Are these your friends?

---Yes, they are (my friends).

三、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略

1、只保留to的場(chǎng)合

a、不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的定語(yǔ)時(shí),常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞如:like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, advise, persuade, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, manage等。

(33)You can do it this way if you care to.如果你想做你就這么做。

b、不定式在句中作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)時(shí),常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞如:ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。

(34)、She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to.她想來(lái),但她父母不讓她來(lái)。

c、不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語(yǔ)時(shí),常見(jiàn)的形容詞如:happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。

(35)、I think she should get a job, but you can’t force her if she’s not ready to.我認為她應該找一份工作,但如果她不愿意,你也不能強迫她。

d、不定式作某些復合謂語(yǔ)時(shí),常見(jiàn)結構如:be able to , be going to, have to, ought to, used to 等。但當省略的不定式內容是作助動(dòng)詞用的have或be的任何形式時(shí),to后要保留到原形have或to.

(36)、He did not come, but he ought to have (come).

2、動(dòng)詞不定式符號to的省略

a、主語(yǔ)部分有to do, 系動(dòng)詞是is\was時(shí),作表語(yǔ)的不定式通常省略to。

(37)、The only thing you have to do is (to ) press the button.你須做的事是按按鈕。

b、作介詞but, except, besides的賓語(yǔ),前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的各種形式時(shí),常省略不定式符號to.

(38)、Tom had nothing to do besides answer letters this morning.今天上午湯姆除了復信什么也沒(méi)做。

c、當兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式并列時(shí),其后的不定式符號可省略。但有對比關(guān)系時(shí)不可省。

(39)、It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.制定計劃比執行計劃容易。

d、在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have, make, let, leave, observe等詞后作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)時(shí),省略不定式符號to.

(40)、Did you notice her enter the room? 你發(fā)現她進(jìn)房間了嗎?

四、介詞的省略

a、一些常和動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞一起搭配的介詞?墒÷,而保留其后的動(dòng)名詞。常見(jiàn)的結構有:spend\waste time (in) doing, lose no time (in) doing, have difficulty\trouble(in)doing, be busy (in) doing, stop\prevent sb.(from) doing

(41)、The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使他沒(méi)能準時(shí)趕到那里。

b、表示時(shí)間的介詞at、 on、和in用在next\last\this\these\yesterday\tomorrow\one\any\every\each\some\all等詞前,一般皆省略;表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)之前的for也可省略。

(42)、We go to school every day except Sundays.除了星期天外,我們每天都上學(xué)。

五、其他省略

a、會(huì )話(huà)中的省略

省略在會(huì )話(huà)中應用廣泛,無(wú)論是回答別人的問(wèn)題,還是在接別人說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)都會(huì )發(fā)生,否則就覺(jué)得累贅。

(43)、----Do you like this shirt?

----Yes, (I like this shirt) very much.

b、虛擬條件句中連詞if的省略

如果條件句的謂語(yǔ)有were\had\should時(shí),可省略if,把were\had\should移到主語(yǔ)之前。

(44)Were I you, I would do the work better.

(45)Should there time, they would certainly come and help us.