分類(lèi)說(shuō)明
高考中對動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的命題不可少,每年都有兩、三分。然而,命題一般都是以基礎知識為主,把時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)境結合起來(lái),在復習動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),應特別注意下面一些問(wèn)題:
1.動(dòng)詞的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)的形式和意義:一般現在時(shí);一般過(guò)去時(shí);一般將來(lái)時(shí);現任進(jìn)行時(shí);過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);現在完成時(shí);過(guò)去完成時(shí);現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。并且,由此擴充了解將來(lái)完成時(shí);將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí);過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)等。
2.掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要求,特別是上下文中所暗含的時(shí)間。
3.注意并掌握句子中時(shí)態(tài)一致性的要求,如:賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要求:主句若為過(guò)去時(shí),從句必須用相應的過(guò)去時(shí),但當從句表示客觀(guān)真理時(shí),又可只用一般現在時(shí);時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)中的時(shí)態(tài)要求:當主句為將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí),從句片j一般現在時(shí);虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的時(shí)態(tài)要求:(見(jiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣)。
4,掌握各種時(shí)態(tài)及含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式和應用。
(1)分清動(dòng)詞的詞性,熟悉并掌握常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞happen,take place,occur,exist等,它們不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);
(2)分清主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系;
(3)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一般為及物動(dòng)詞,但有些不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞所形成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可有被動(dòng)形式,此時(shí),變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后介詞不能丟;
(4)熟悉并掌握主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況,如:
A.及物動(dòng)詞read,write,sell,wash等,用作不及物動(dòng)詞,如:.
The pen _________well.
A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.has written
B.做定語(yǔ)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
I have much work ________.
A.to do B.to be done C.to be doing D.to have done
但當不定的式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),則須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).如:
Do you have any work ________now? I’m free.
A.to do B.to be done C.to be doing D.to have done
C.形容詞hard,difficult,interesting,exciting,surprising等后的不定式作語(yǔ)及worth后面的doing。
回放真題
真題1(2004甘肅、青海卷29)
--Thank goodness,you’re here! What _________you?
--Traffic jam.
A.keeps B.is keeping C.had kept D.kept
【答案及解析】 D選項A表示一種經(jīng)常的情況;B表示現在正在進(jìn)行的事情;C表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間之前的行為;D表示一般過(guò)去的情況。根據前面句子可知,所問(wèn)的是“你”來(lái)這兒之前的情況,故答案選D。
真題2(2004甘肅、青海卷31)
The house could fall down soon if no one ________ some quick repair work.
A.has done B.is doing C.does D.had done
【答案及解析】 C could在題干中表示推測(推測時(shí)間為現在),故從句采用一般現在時(shí),答案選C。
真題3(2004重慶卷22)
The crazy fans _________patiently for two hours,and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
A.were waiting B.had been waiting C.had waited D.would wait
【答案及解析】 B從“they would wait till…”可知,他們在此之前就一直在等,因此用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
真題4(2004重慶卷23)
She ________her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for an better job.
A.would change B.has changed C.changed D.was changing
【答案及解析】 c本句雖然表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,但before連接的兩件事情時(shí)間聯(lián)系得很緊密,主句動(dòng)作是過(guò)去做完的動(dòng)作,不側重時(shí)間對比,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示。
真題5(2004廣東卷21)
All the employees except the manage ________to work online at home.
A.encourages B.encourage C.is encouraged D.a(chǎn)re encouraged
【答案及解析】 D根據名詞1+介詞+名詞2作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數由名詞1決定的原則,排除選項A、C;根據主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系可知為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),故答案選D。
真題6(2004福建卷21)
--You were out when I dropped in at your house.
--Oh,I _________for a friend from England at the airport.
A.was waiting B.had waited C.a(chǎn)m waiting D.have waited
【答案及解析】 A根據上下句談及的是過(guò)去的事情,并且wait的動(dòng)作在drop之中發(fā)生,故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
真題7(2004湖北卷22)
He kept looking at her,wondering whether he ________her somewhere.
A.saw B.has seen C.sees D.had seen
【答案及解析】 D根據句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),可排除選項B、c;再根據句子的意思,可知:認為見(jiàn)過(guò)她的動(dòng)作應該在當時(shí)看她之前,因此答案選D。
真題8(2004湖北卷33)
--George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?
--No,I ________. Did they have a big wedding?
A.was not invited B.have not been invited
C.hadn’t been invited D.didn’t invite
【答案及解析】 C根據主、謂關(guān)系,排除選項D;再根據上旬,婚禮的舉行是在上周,那么,應在上周以前邀請客人,須用過(guò)去完成時(shí),故答案選C。
真題9(2004遼寧卷28)
It is said in the book that Thomas Edison(1847-1931) ________the world leading inventor for sixty years.
A.would be B.has been C.had been D.was
【答案及解析】D該題it作形式主語(yǔ),that引導主語(yǔ)從句,根據句子及各選項的意思,答案選D。
真題10(2004浙汀卷23)
The discussion ________alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A.was coming B.had come C.has come D.came
【答案及解析】D選項A表示將來(lái)的情況;B表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去;C表示對現在造成的結果或影響;D表示過(guò)去某時(shí)的情況。
真題11(2004浙江卷34)
Because the shop ________, all the T-shins are sold at half price.
A.has closed down B.closed down
C.is closing down D.had closed down
【答案及解析】 C選項A、B表示已經(jīng)關(guān)閉停業(yè),與后面的“半價(jià)出售”矛盾;D表示過(guò)去某時(shí)之前的事情,句子中不存在;故答案選C,表示商店即將關(guān)閉停業(yè)。
真題12(2004江蘇卷26)
More patients in hospital this year than last veal.
A. treated B. have treated
C.had been treated D.have been treated
【答案及解析】D根據句子的意思,病人接受治療,而不是治療他人,故排除選項A、B;再根據句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知,這里并沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,因此需用現在完成時(shí)。意為:今年在醫院接受治療的病人比去年多。
真題13(2004江蘇卷34)
Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s,when people ________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
A.begin B.began C.have begun D.had begun
【答案及解析】 B when在此句中指前面主句中的since the early 1990s,為過(guò)去時(shí)。故本從句應用過(guò)去式,答案選B。
真題14(2004廣西卷25)
--The window is dirty.
--I know.It ________for weeks.
A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clean
C.wasn’t cleaned D.hasn’t been cleaned
【答案及解析】 D本題主要考查過(guò)去時(shí)與現在完成時(shí)的區別。過(guò)去時(shí)僅表過(guò)去發(fā)生過(guò)某事,與現在無(wú)關(guān),F在完成時(shí)表示:1、某一動(dòng)作雖發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但影響著(zhù)現在;2、某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去持續劍現在。由語(yǔ)境可知,幾周以來(lái),窗戶(hù)一直沒(méi)有被清潔。即答案為D。
真題15(全國[河南、河北、山東、福建]30)
My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I ________ half of it.
A.was missing B.had missed C.will miss D.missed
【答案及解析】 D整個(gè)事情是過(guò)去的事,且是做過(guò)的事,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí),答案選D。
真題16(2004四川卷25)
--Has Sam finished his homework today?
--I have no idea.He ________it this morning.
A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done
【答案及解析】c根據前句:我不知道,可看出答案選c,表示過(guò)去一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
真題17(2004四川卷30)
I ________you not to move my dictionary-now I can’t find it.
A.a(chǎn)sked B.a(chǎn)sk C.was asking D.had asked
【答案及解析】 A asked表示過(guò)去,與句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now相對應。
真題18(2004四川卷34)
According to the art dealer,the painting __________to go for at least a million dollars.
A.is expected B.expects C.expected D.is expecting
【答案及解析】A the painting是物,它自己不能預期、期望,故要用被動(dòng)。
真題19(2004上海卷29)
The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ________increased enormously ever since.
A.is B.was C.has been D.had been
【答案及解析】 C句子后面的ever since意為:從那以后,須與現在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。
真題20(2004上海卷30) ;
The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ________ to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A.persuade B.will persuade C.be persuaded D.a(chǎn)re persuaded
【答案及解析】 D根據句子意思及結構可知,應該是說(shuō)服人們而不是人們說(shuō)服他人,因此應用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);而本題屬于真實(shí)條件,不是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,故排除選項C。答案選D。
真題21(2004天津卷28)
--What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
--I had just finished my work and to take a shower.
A.had started B.started C.have started D.was starting
【答案及解析】D用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
真題22(2004北京卷22)
--What’s that terrible noise?
--The neighbors ________for a party.
A.have prepared B.a(chǎn)re preparing C.prepare D.will prepare
【答案及解析】 B根據語(yǔ)境可知,對方問(wèn)的是目前的情況,因此,告訴對方鄰居正在為聚會(huì )作準備而弄出來(lái)的聲音,故用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
真題23(2004北京卷25) :
Now that she is out of a job,Lucy ________going back to school,but she hasn’t decided yet.
A.had considered B.has been considering
C.considered D.is going to consider
【答案及解析】 B Lucy現在還沒(méi)決定,一直在考慮重新求學(xué)的事,故用現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
真題24(2004北京卷27)
The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________by 2006.
A.has been completed B.has completed
C.will have been completed D.will have completed
【答案及解析】 C此題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。by+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),主句謂語(yǔ)用相應的完成時(shí)態(tài)。by2006意思是:到2006年底前,是將來(lái)時(shí),而工作本身不能完成,是被人完成,故用將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
真題25(2004湖南卷31)
--I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
--Oh,how nice! Do you know when she ________.
A.was leaving B.had left C.has left D.1eft
【答案及解析】D考查時(shí)態(tài)。首先根據賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞排除選項B、c;再根據E句的意思:她已經(jīng)去那,故答案選D。
真題26(2004北京春季卷21)
How can you possibly miss the news? It ________on TV all day long.
A.has been B.had been C.was D.will be
【答案及解析】 A從上句的how can及時(shí)態(tài)、下一句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)all day long可以看出本題應用現在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
真題27(2004北京春季卷24)
--Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.
--Where was I?
--You ________you didn’t like your father’s job.
A.had said B.said C.were saying D.had been saying
【答案及解析】c本題的語(yǔ)境是兩個(gè)人在談話(huà),其中一個(gè)的話(huà)被另一個(gè)打斷,然后再問(wèn)自己剛才說(shuō)到哪兒了(Where were I?),因此得到的回答應為“你剛才說(shuō)到……”(You were saying...),有一些短暫性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表“剛剛在……”,如:were not noticing(剛剛沒(méi)注意到)。
真題28(2004北京春季卷30)
I arrived late;I ________the road to be so icy.
A.wouldn’t expect B.haven’t expect
C.hadn’t expected D.wasn’t expecting
【答案及解析】C “我”之所以arrived late,是因為“我”在此之前(即過(guò)去的過(guò)去)沒(méi)有料到路上結了這么厚的冰,應用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
真題29(2004北京春季卷34)
I ________while reading the English textbook.Luckily,my roommate woke me up in time!
A.had fallen asleep B.have fallen asleep
C.fell asleep D.fall asleep
【答案及解析】 C從第二句luckily,my roommate woke me up in time可以看出在此之前,“我”曾入睡了。故本題應用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
真題30(2004上海春季卷31)
There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture,________?
A.didn’t they B.don’t they C.mustn’t they D.haven’t they
【答案及解析】D must表推測時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)部分依must后面的時(shí)態(tài)及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定。本題must后面是現在完成時(shí),從前句可知是現在的情況,故答案選D。
真題31(2004上海春季卷33)
Although he has lived with us for years,he ________us much impression.
A.hadn’t left B.didn’t leave C.doesn’t leave D.hasn’t left
【答案及解析】C選項A為過(guò)去的過(guò)去;B表示過(guò)去,與前面從句的內容矛盾;D表過(guò)去的事情對現在的影響,均與題意不符,兇此,答案選C,表示現在通常的情況。
真題32(2003全國卷24)
--Sorry,J0e.I didn’t mean to…
--Don’t call me “Joe”.I’m Mr. Parker to you,and ________you forget it!
A.do B.didn’t C.did D.don’t
【答案及解析】 D 考查感嘆疑問(wèn)句的用法。其形式雖是疑問(wèn),實(shí)則表示感嘆。它多以否定詞Don’t開(kāi)頭并以感嘆號結尾,其表達的意義則是肯定。譯文 “對不起,喬,我的意思不是……”,“不要叫我喬。對你來(lái)說(shuō)我是帕克先生,你可不要忘了!”
真題33(2003全國卷27)
All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness____.
A.has grown B.is growing C.grew D.had grown
【答案及解析】C考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。從題干中可看出(waited)事情發(fā)生存過(guò);去,而且主句和從句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的,選項A、B表示現在的情況,根據前面的時(shí)問(wèn)狀語(yǔ)予以排除;選項D表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,與題意不符,因而只能選C。譯文:整個(gè)上午她都在等著(zhù)大夫的體檢報告,不安的心情與時(shí)俱增。
真題34(2003全國卷30) ;
Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will _______fresh for several days.
A.be stayed B.stay C.be staying D.have stayed
【答案及解析】 B考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。stay在此為系動(dòng)詞,既沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),也沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)或完成時(shí),與will一起構成將來(lái)時(shí),表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。譯文:為什么你沒(méi)有把肉放在冰箱里?(在冰箱里)它可以保鮮好幾天。
真題35(2003北京卷22)
At this time tomorrow _______over the Atlantic.
A.we’re going to fly B.we’11 be flying
C.we’11 fly D.we’re to fly
【答案及解析】 B考查時(shí)態(tài)。情景提示在句子開(kāi)頭at this time tomorrow,表示將來(lái)某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),彤式是shall/will be doing。
真題36(2003北京卷25)
--________David and Vicky ________married?
--For about three years.
A.How long were;being B.How long have;got
C.How long have;been D.How long did;get
【答案及解析】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)。從答語(yǔ)For about three years判斷,該題問(wèn)的是動(dòng)作持續了多久,用現在完成時(shí),排除A、D選項。get married強調的是結婚這一動(dòng)作,不能延續,排除B。be married表示已婚的狀態(tài),可以延續。
真題37(2003北京卷26)
The news came as no surprise to me.I ______ for some time that the factory was going to shut down。
A had known B.knew C.have known D.know
【答案及解析】A 考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:我對這個(gè)消息一點(diǎn)都不吃驚,我早就知道這家工廠(chǎng)將會(huì )倒閉的。know 這一動(dòng)作先于came 這一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。答案為A。
真題38(2003上海卷30)
It believed that if a book is ________ it will surely the reader.
A.interested:interest B.interesting;be interested
C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest
【答案及解析】D interesting與interested都是形容詞,但interesting主語(yǔ)是物,一般說(shuō)sth is interesting,interested主語(yǔ)是人,一般說(shuō)be interested in sth,故前二空格應用interesting;interest是動(dòng)詞形式,意為“吸引,使感興趣”。故選D。
真題39(2003上海卷32) .
I thought Jim would say something about his school report,but he ________lt.
A.doesn’t mention B.hadn’t mentioned
C.didn’t mention D.hasn’t mentioned
【答案及解析】c根據作者的語(yǔ)氣判斷,這里描述的是一種過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況,并未強調對過(guò)去或現在造成什么影響,因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
真題40(2003北京春季卷26)
--When will you come to see me,Dad?
--1 will go to see you when you ________the training course
A.will have finished B.will finish
C.a(chǎn)re finishing D.finish
【答案及解析】D考查從句中的時(shí)態(tài)。英語(yǔ)中狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般現在時(shí)或現在完成時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。同理,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),其它如主、定等從旬不受限制。在when引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般現在時(shí)。
真題41(2003北京春季卷27)
--How long ________at this job?
--Since 1990.
A.were you employed B.have you been employed
C.had you been employed D.will you be employed
【答案及解析】B since后可加過(guò)去時(shí)間,也可加從句,從句中要用一般過(guò)去式,而主句要用現在完成式。根據Since 1990可確定為現在完成時(shí)。
真題42(2003安徽春季卷21)
With the rapid growth of population,the city ________in all directions in the past five years.
A spreads B. has spread C spread D. had spread
【答案及解析】 B根據時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the past five years可以知道這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在以現在為立足點(diǎn)的時(shí)間軸的過(guò)去,且這個(gè)動(dòng)作對現在有影響,故用現在完成時(shí)。
真題43(2003安徽春季卷33)
The silence of the library ________only by the sound of pages being turned over.
A.has been broken B.breaks C.broke D.was broken
【答案及解析】D從題意可看出圖書(shū)館的安靜是被翻書(shū)聲打破的,要用被動(dòng),排除B、C,再從being turned over可看出不必用完成時(shí),排除A。
真題44(2003上海春季卷27)
By the end of last year,another new gymnasium ________in Beijing.
A.would be completed B.was being completed
C.has been completed D.had been completed
【答案及解析】D by意為“到……為止”。by后加過(guò)去時(shí)間,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí);如by后加現在時(shí)間,主句用現在完成時(shí);如by后加將來(lái)時(shí),主句要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。by the end of last year常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用。表示到過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)期前已完成的動(dòng)作。
真題45(2003上海春季卷28)
When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ________yet。
A.a(chǎn)re not decided B.have not been decided
C.is not being decided D.has not been decided
【答案及解析】D 根據副詞yet可確定用現在完成時(shí),故排除A、c;不定式,動(dòng)名詞及從句作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按單數處理,when and where to do sth.表示單數,要用has not been decided。
真題46(2002全國卷23)
--You haven’t said a word about my new coat,Brenda.Do you like it? I
--I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner.I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A.wasn’t saying B.don’t say C.won’t say D.didn’t say
【答案及解析】D由于在問(wèn)句中既使用了現在完成時(shí),又使用了一般現在時(shí),使一些考生產(chǎn)生了誤解,F在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對現在造成的影響,過(guò)去對新大衣沒(méi)作任何評價(jià),造成的影響是對方不知道究竟對新大衣是什么看法,所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)didn’t say。sooner表示“快,早”,不表示“將來(lái)”所以不能選won’t say。
真題47(2002全國卷29)
I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by now。
A.hasn’t written B.doesn’t write
C.won’t write D.hadn’t written
【答案及解析】 A時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)recently常與現在完成時(shí)連用。We should have heard from her by now的意思是“目前我們應該收到她的信了!币恍┛忌裺hould have heard from her理解成“本來(lái)不該收到她的信而收到了”,發(fā)生了錯誤。should在這里用于表示可能性、估計、猜測或推論,答案為A。
真題48(2002北京卷21)
The little girl ________her heart out because she ________her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
A.had cried;lost B.cried;had lost
C.has cried;has lost D.cries;has lost
【答案及解析】B 根據所提供的情景 she wasn’t ever going to find it可以確定 哭”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。丟失玩具熊發(fā)生在“哭”之前,所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
真題49(2002北京卷23)
--Excuse me.sir.Would you do me a favor7
--Of course.What is it?
--I _________if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
A.had wondered B.was wondering C.would wonder D.did wonder
【答案及解析】 B在這個(gè)句子中用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在對方問(wèn)話(huà)之前自己已在思考著(zhù)這樣一件事。What is it?用了一般現在時(shí),給試題增加了一定的難度。按常理答案應為I wonder if...,但無(wú)此選項。A,C不合題意;D項用了did作強調,從上下文看沒(méi)此必要,這里用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示提出請求前的想法。
真題50(2002上海卷23)
He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year.
A.will graduate B.will have graduated C.graduates D.is to graduate
【答案及解析】C by the time后接定語(yǔ)從句,省略了關(guān)系副詞when。在這種定語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。譯文:到明年畢業(yè)之前,他已經(jīng)學(xué)了八年英語(yǔ)。
真題51(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷25)
John and I ________ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at Christmas party.But we ________each other a couple of times before that.
A.had been;have seen B.have been;have seen
C.hadbeen:had seen D.have been;had seen
【答案及解析】D 前者與一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for eight years連用,用現在完成時(shí);后者表示在一次晚會(huì )上認識之前就見(jiàn)過(guò),是過(guò)去的過(guò)去,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
真題52(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷27)
This is Ted’s photo.We miss him a lot.He ________trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A.killed B.is killed C.was killed D.was killing
【答案及解析】C從句意知Ted已經(jīng)死了發(fā)生在過(guò)去,對于動(dòng)詞kill來(lái)說(shuō),應用被動(dòng),所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
真題53(2002京、蒙、皖春季卷31)
--How are the team playing?
--They’re playing well, but one of them ________hurt.
A.got B.gets C.a(chǎn)re D.were
【答案及解析】 A one of+名詞復數或代詞復數作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數,所以排除C和D,got hurt“受傷”,get后接過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。受傷的事發(fā)生在過(guò)去,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
真題54(2002上海春季卷30)
Rainforests ________and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
A. cut B.a(chǎn)re cut C.a(chǎn)re being cut D.had been cut
【答案及解析】 c這句話(huà)的意思是“雨林正在以那么快的速度被砍伐和燒掉以至于在不久的將來(lái)它們將會(huì )消失!睆木渥拥恼Z(yǔ)境they will disappear from the earth in the near future可判斷,要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的現在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示現正在發(fā)生的事對將來(lái)可能造成的影響。
真題55(2002上海春季卷31)
How I wish every family ________a large house with a beautiful garden!
A.has B.had C.will have D.had had
【答案及解析】 B wish后接從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示這只是說(shuō)話(huà)人的一種愿望。具體用法:如果從句中動(dòng)作與現在事實(shí)相反應用過(guò)去時(shí);與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形;與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或would/could +have done。譯文:我多么希望每個(gè)家庭都住上帶有漂亮花園的大房子。
真題56(2002上海春季卷36)
It ________long before we ________the result of the experiment.
A.will not be;will know B.is:will know
C.will not be;know D.is:know
【答案及解析】 C這句話(huà)的意思是“我們將在不久知道試驗的結果”。所以要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。It will not be long是主句,意思是“不久”;在before引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
真題57(2001全國卷24)
Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ________ so rapidly.
A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change
【答案及解析】 A句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分...is no easy task,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一種 “含此刻在內的廣泛意義上的現在時(shí)間”,狀語(yǔ)從句中說(shuō)明原因為“技術(shù)更新變化迅速”,應采用現在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一種“持續變化”的狀態(tài),體現了“變化;趨勢;發(fā)展和進(jìn)展”。
真題58(2001全國卷30)
I ______ping-pong quite well,but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A.will play B.have played C.played D.play
【答案及解析】 D從常識看,一個(gè)人一旦獲得了某種技能,這種技能就會(huì )保持很長(cháng)一段時(shí)間,而不因短期內不訓練而失去,雖然“我”今年沒(méi)有時(shí)問(wèn)訓練,但乒乓球一直打得很好,要用一般現在時(shí)態(tài)。
真題59(2001全國卷32)
Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.
A.will request B. request C.a(chǎn)re requesting D.a(chǎn)re requested
【答案及解析】D request意為“要求”,是及物動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)是:要么帶賓語(yǔ),要么用被動(dòng)(無(wú)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)))。這句話(huà)的意思是參觀(guān)者被要求不能觸摸展覽品,所以用被動(dòng)。
真題60(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷12)
Hundreds of jobs ________if the factory closes.
A.lose B.will be lost C.a(chǎn)re lost D.will lose
【答案及解析】B在if引導的狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句用現在時(shí),主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí);而且主語(yǔ)是jobs,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
真題6l(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷15)
I've won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I ________my mum.
A.a(chǎn)m taking B.have taken C.take D.will have taken
【答案及解析】 A用現在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的情況。答案為A。
真題62(2001京、蒙、皖春季卷17)
A new cinema ________here.They hope to finish it next month.
A.will be built B.is built C.has been built D.is being built
【答案及解析】 D They hope to finish it next month.說(shuō)明電影院還在建設之中,所以從時(shí)態(tài)上講是進(jìn)行時(shí);另外從語(yǔ)態(tài)上講為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
真題63(2001上海春季卷26)
The new suspension bridge ________by the end of last month.
A.has been designed B.had been designed
C.was designed D.would be designed
【答案及解析】 B在含有by引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。譯文:到上月為止已完成了吊橋設計。
真題64(2001上海春季卷35)
If a man ________succeed,he must work as hard as he can.
A.will B.is to C.is going to D.should
【答案及解析】B狀語(yǔ)從句中不能用將來(lái)時(shí),如強調意愿,可用will;如強調某種決心、意向,要用be to do sth.表示職責、義務(wù)、意圖、約定、可能性等。譯文:如果一個(gè)人想成功,他必須盡力而為。所以要用is 10 succeed的形式。
真題65(2000全國卷13)
--You’ve left the light on.
--Oh,so I have.--and turn it off.
A.I’ll go B.I’ve gone C.I go D.I’m going
【答案及解析】A先排除B,因它與and后的turn it off講不通;從句意知燈還沒(méi)關(guān),所以他將去關(guān)掉它,故C排除;A和D均表將來(lái),但will注重純粹時(shí)間上的將來(lái),而be goingto則強調計劃和打算,再說(shuō)和turn off不并列,只有A最準確。答案為A。
真題66(2000全國卷20)
--How are you today?
--0h, ________as ill as I do now for a very long timc.
A.didn’t feel B.wasn’t feeling
C.don’t feel D.haven’t felt
【答案及解析】D現在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始一直延續到現在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。從句子的意思可知,從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始,已經(jīng)病了很長(cháng)時(shí)間了。
真題67(2000全國卷25)
The reporter said that the UFO ________east to west when he saw it.
A.was travelling B.travelled C.had been travelling D.was to travel
【答案及解析】 A敘述報告者當時(shí)看到UFO的情景,要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案為A。
真題68(2000上海卷24)
My uncle ________until he was forty-five.
A.married B.didn’t marry C.was not marrying D.would marry
【答案及解析】 B選用句型“…until”或“not…until”的關(guān)鍵是判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否可延續,如可延續就用“...until”;反之,用“not…until”。動(dòng)詞nmn-y(與……結婚,要……嫁給…)是非延續性動(dòng)詞,所以要用didn’t marry。
真題69(2000上海卷36)
If only he _________quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.
A.1ies B.1ay C.had lain D.should lie
【答案及解析】C “If only…”表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣;“he would not suffer so much now中“now"表示現在的狀況。這樣,條件部分就是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,應用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示。
真題70(2000京、皖春季卷9)
Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon ________to his old ways.
A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned
【答案及解析】A比較兩個(gè)并列句的時(shí)態(tài)可知,都表過(guò)去發(fā)生的事,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
真題71(2000京、皖春季卷14)
--You’re drinking too much.
--Only at home.No one _______me but you.
A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.saw
【答案及解析】 C從句子的意思可知,此人愛(ài)喝酒是一種習慣,表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,所以要用一般現在時(shí)。故排除B、D;又從only at home可知他總是在家喝.所以每次喝時(shí)就只有“你”看見(jiàn)了。
真題72(2000京、皖春季卷19)
All the preparations for the task ________,and we’re ready to start.
A.completed B.complete
C.had been completed D.have been completed
【答案及解析】D現在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去所做的事對現在的影響。從后句and we’re ready to start的意思可知,一切準備工作已經(jīng)就緒,可以開(kāi)始工作了。