Composed by Chinephone Lew
獨立主格結構是由一個(gè)相當于主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞加上非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞（副）詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)構成的一種獨立成分。該結構不是句子，也不是從句，所以它內部的動(dòng)詞不能考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數的變化，它與其主句之間既不能通過(guò)并列連詞連接也不能有從句引導詞引導，常用逗號與其主句隔開(kāi)。獨立主格結構在很多情況下可以轉化為相應的狀語(yǔ)從句或其他狀語(yǔ)形式，但很多時(shí)候不能轉化為分詞形式，因為它內部動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)不一致。在做這類(lèi)題目時(shí)一定要小心判斷，不能粗心大意。
一、獨立主格結構的構成形式
1、邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ing
這種構成形式內部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作執行者，分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是整句主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，而是其邏輯主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。如：
1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was
2._______no bus, we had to walk home.
A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been
4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is
2、邏輯主語(yǔ)+V-ed
該構成形式內部的邏輯主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作承受者。如：
1._________, the train started.
A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving
2.__________, the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given
3._________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words
4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. When new words were explained B.Explaining new words B.New words explaining D.Being explained new words
3、邏輯主語(yǔ)+形容詞（副詞）
該結構相當于一個(gè)未帶動(dòng)詞的“主-系-表”結構。如：
1.___________, the patient can leave the hospital.
A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions
2._________, the patient can leave the hospital.
A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions
3.________, we’d like to go outing.
A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK
4.___________, we’d like to go outing.
A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C
5._________, you can wait a while.
A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and B
6._________, so you can wait a while
A.The play is still on B.The play being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on
4、邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)
該結構相當于不帶動(dòng)詞的“主-系-介詞短語(yǔ)”結構。如：
1.The boy followed the nobleman here, ___________.
A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand B.Being a sword in hand D.sword in hand
2.The boy followed the nobleman here ___________.
A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand
3.He left the office, __________.
A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes
4.He left the office __________.
A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes
二、獨立主格結構在整句中可作以下成分：
1、原因狀語(yǔ)
該結構在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
1.________ no bus, we had to walk home.
A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B
2._________Sunday, the library doesn't open.
A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B
3.____________, I had to ask for two days’ leave.
A.Mother being ill B.Bother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C
4.____________, we have to work late into the night.
A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C
2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
獨立主格結構作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當于一個(gè)由when, as soon as, after等引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
1.__________, the train started.
A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B
2.__________, the text became easier for us to learn.
A. New words explained B.When new words were explained C.When teacher explained new words D.all above
3、條件狀語(yǔ)
獨立主格結構作條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以改為由if引導的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
1.___________, we'll go to visit the Great Wall.
A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B
2._________, the patient will recover himself soon.
A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.A,B and C
4、伴隨狀語(yǔ)
獨立主格結構作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當于一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)。如：
1.We have lessons every day, ___________.
A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above
2.The boy fell asleep,___________.
A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above
3.Father came home,_________
A.a dog following him B.a dog followed him C.being followed by a dog D.all the above
with + 復合賓語(yǔ)結構常見(jiàn)類(lèi)型及其用法
Composed by Chinephone Lew
“with + 復合賓語(yǔ)”結構是指“with +賓語(yǔ)（名詞或代詞）+ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（分詞、不定式）、介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞或副詞等”所構成的一種介詞短語(yǔ)。該結構內部若是動(dòng)詞，則其非謂語(yǔ)形式的選用要注意三點(diǎn)：若內部動(dòng)詞表示將來(lái)（無(wú)論主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)），則用不定式；若內部動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)且屬過(guò)去，則用過(guò)去分詞；若內部動(dòng)詞表示持續主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，則用現在分詞。該結構在句子中可以作以下幾種成分：
1、原因狀語(yǔ)
1.With the man ______ us ahead, we had no trouble finding the village.
A.To guide B.Guiding C.Guided D.To have guide
2.With a lot of work_____, she doesn’t have time to rest. A.to do B.to be done C.doing D.done
3.With the machine _____all the time, we finished harvesting crops in time.
A.to work B.worked C.working D.Being working
2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
1.The street looks more beautiful with all the lights _____.A.are on B.on C.to be on D.been on
2.With our problem ________, we all felt happy.
A.to settle B.to be settled C.settled D.being settled
3.With his work______, the secretary began to walk home. A.to do B.doing C.done D.to be done
3、伴隨狀語(yǔ)
1.She left the offices with tears ________.
A.in her eyes B.in eyes B.being in eyes D.to be in eyes
2.The man found the door with both his eyes ______.
A.to be closed B.being closed C.closed D.closing
3.We felt uncomfortable with two waitresses_______.
A. standing by B.to be standing by C.stood by D.being standing by
4.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________.
A.to be tied behind B. tied behind C.tying behind D.being tied behind
5.You can’t see well ________.
A. with the glasses on B.being on the glasses C.with the glasses to be on D.with the glasses
4、后置定語(yǔ)
1.Do you know the man ______ a book in his hand? A.with B.having C.being D.A and B
2.Please offer your seat to the woman _____ a baby in her arms.A.carrying B.having C.with D.all the above
分詞、獨立主格和“with + 復合賓語(yǔ)”作狀語(yǔ)的區別
分詞結構、獨立主格結構、with + 復合賓語(yǔ)結構在句中均可作狀語(yǔ)，其區別是這樣的：
一、分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)是分詞的動(dòng)作執行者（用現在分詞）或動(dòng)作承受者（用過(guò)去分詞或現在分詞被動(dòng)式）。這種情況下的分詞短語(yǔ)可以改為相應的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列謂語(yǔ)。
分詞短語(yǔ)在句中常作以下?tīng)钫Z(yǔ)：
1、原因狀語(yǔ)
1._______late, we had to walk home. A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B
2.______ busy, they had no time to play. A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the above
2、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
1._______ the students' homework, the teacher found a lot of mistakes.
A.When he was correcting C.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above
2.________by your teachers, you are supposed to be modest.
A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the above
3、條件狀語(yǔ)
1.______ more time, he is sure to finish his test paper. A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above
2._______ another chance, I'll do my job better.A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above
4、伴隨狀語(yǔ)
1.Father came back, _______ a bag of money on his left shoulder.
A.carrying B.he was carrying C.and he was carrying D.all the above
2.Father came back, _______ by a monkey.
A.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above
二、獨立主格結構和with + 復合賓語(yǔ)結構在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結構內部的分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是整句的主語(yǔ)，即主句主語(yǔ)與分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致。如：
1.______, we’ll go fishing in the country.
A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.Permitting
2._________, he finished playing the game of chess.
A.His eyes closing B.With his eyes closed C.Closing his eyes D.Closed his eyes
3._________, I couldn’t get the book I wanted.
A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing
三、使用分詞短語(yǔ)、獨立主格結構、with + 復合賓語(yǔ)結構分別在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意：它們與主句之間不應有從屬連詞（如when, if, as soon as, as, while等）或并列連詞（如and, but, or, so等）。例如：
1.____________ the teacher told the class to go through the text
A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the above
2._________a rainy day, so all the farmers had to stay inside.
A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above
3.As_______a little sick, he remained at the clinic.
A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above
四、在使用獨立主格結構、with +復合賓語(yǔ)結構、分詞結構作句子的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一定要看句子主語(yǔ)同這些結構的邏輯關(guān)系。
1、當句子主語(yǔ)與該狀語(yǔ)內部動(dòng)詞之間有邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，該狀語(yǔ)可用分詞結構或從句表示。
1.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B
2._______for the bus at the stop, he suddenly caught sight of a thief.
A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above
2、若句子主語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)內動(dòng)詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且狀語(yǔ)內有自已的邏輯主語(yǔ)。則該狀語(yǔ)不能用分詞結構，只能用獨立主格結構、with +復合賓語(yǔ)結構或從句。如：
1.The soldier fell asleep ___________.
A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candle
2.__________, the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.
A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lights
3.________ the notice, he had an idea.
A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above
4.________ the notice, an idea came to his mind.
A.When he was watching B.Watching C.When watching D.all the above