Unit One That must be a record

一、 短語(yǔ)：

1. in a soccer career 在足球生涯

2．first edition 第一版

3. the then director 當時(shí)的廠(chǎng)長(cháng)

4. settle an argument about…

處理一個(gè)關(guān)于……的爭議

5.a best seller 暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)

6. ever since 從…以來(lái)都

7. be sent into 被收入

8. set down = write down=put down 記下，寫(xiě)下

9.keep track of 保持聯(lián)系

9.in other ways 以另外的方式

10. be put into被放入；被翻譯成

11. live to be 122 years 活到122歲

12. reach a length of 長(cháng)達……

13. with an area of 面積有…..

14.stand out 突出，顯著(zhù)

15.next to 次于，在….之后

16. struggle against disease 同疾病做斗爭

17.be diagnosed with cancer被診斷為癌癥

18. go on to do 繼續做某事

19.achieve his goal 達到目標

20.in a row 連續；一連串

21.lead sb to do 使某人做某事

22. in the first place 首先

23. be entertained by….因為…而高興

24. make for 可造成；可成為；有好處

25.set a record 創(chuàng )造紀錄

26.apply for 申請

27.get a certificate 取得證書(shū)

28. make an effort to do sth.努力做某事

29.win the bid for the 29th Olympic Games in 2008 申奧成功

30. burst into cheers 熱烈歡呼

31. get a better understanding of 更好地了解

32. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

一鳥(niǎo)在手，勝于群鳥(niǎo)在林

33. break a record 打破紀錄

34. in ancient times 在古代

35.try new tricks on 嘗試新花樣

36. head down 開(kāi)往；朝向

37. a skilful skateboarder 一個(gè)技術(shù)熟練的滑板者

38. together with = as well as 和；也

39. give permission 準許

40. hold a grand opening 舉行一個(gè)盛大的開(kāi)幕式

41. have been around 遍布各地；深入人心

42. be familiar to sb 對于某人來(lái)講很熟悉

43. capture the hearts and minds 捕捉心理

44. be willing to do 樂(lè )意做某事

45. extreme sports 極限運動(dòng)

46. center on 以…為中心

47. overcome your fears 克服你的恐懼

48. regular sports 常規運動(dòng)

49. defeat the other team 打敗另一隊

50. beauty, harmony and thrills 美感，和諧和刺激

51. have no clear rules about winning or losing

對勝負沒(méi)有明確之分

52. heart beats faster 心跳加速

53. concentrate on 集中；全神貫注于

二、 句型

1．The Guinness company hired two Englishmen to write what later became the Guinness Book of World Records.

2. The first edition was published in 1955 and has been a best seller ever since.

3. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.

4. Part of the reason for our interest is probably the same curiosity that led sir Hugh to write the Guinness Book of World Records in the first place.

5. Whether we are out to set a new record ourselves or simply enjoy reading about champions, the Guinness Book of World Records makes for interesting reading.

6. All of our schoolmates were here, as well as many of our parents and other kids from the neighborhood.

7. Once you are Xperienced, your life will truly change.

三、 部分知識點(diǎn)講解。

1. then adj.（形容詞）being so at that time:當時(shí)的：the then chairman of the board.當時(shí)的委員會(huì )主席

2. conclude vt. 作出結論，斷定；終止； 決定

conclude that….

come to the conclusion that... 所得結論是..., 斷定；draw the conclusion得出結論，推斷

leap(jump) to a conclusion 冒然斷定，過(guò)早下結論；in conclusion = lastly 最后,總之

The doctor concluded that the patient's disease was cancer.醫生斷定病人患的是癌癥。

The judge concluded that the accused was guilty.法官判定被告有罪。

We concluded not to wait any more.我們決定不再等待了。

In conclusion I’ d like to say that you did it very well.

3. hire租用，租；雇用： take on, employ, rent

The fruit is picked by hired laborers.這些水果是由雇傭工采摘的。

This car is for hire.這輛車(chē)是出租的。

◆都含“租用”或“出租”的意思。

hire 有“雇”、“短期租借”的意思（人、物作賓語(yǔ)）；hire servants雇傭人。

hire a hall for an evening租禮堂用一晚上。

rent指“較長(cháng)期地租用或租出(房屋、土地等)”（物作賓語(yǔ)）；rent a house租房子

4. what later became ….后來(lái)成為……的東西

1)what與that 在引導名詞性從句時(shí)的區別：what的含義是“所……的東西”，在所有名詞性從句中須充當一定的句子成分，而that則不充當任何句子成分且無(wú)詞義。

He said (that) he was not interested in it. 他說(shuō)他對這件事不感興趣。(賓語(yǔ)從句)

He did what he could to help me.他盡力幫助我。(賓語(yǔ)從句)

That he was chosen made us very happy.他的當選使我們很高興。(主語(yǔ)從句)

What we need is more time. 我們所需要的是多些時(shí)間。(主語(yǔ)從句)

They are just what we need.這些正是我們所需要的。(表語(yǔ)從句)

The reason why he didn't come was that he was badly ill.他沒(méi)來(lái)的原因是他得了重病。(表語(yǔ)從句)

5. ever since (then) adv.從那時(shí)到現在， since then其后, 從此一直

◆since

①conj.從...以來(lái); ...以后；因為; 既然; 鑒于；

We have both changed since we parted.分別以來(lái)我們彼此都變了。

It was three years since we had been there.我們在那兒已呆了三年。

Since that is so, there is no more to be said.既然如此, 再沒(méi)什么可說(shuō)的了。

②adv.（和完成時(shí)連用）(=since then)以后, 后來(lái), 以來(lái)

I have not seen him since.(那時(shí))以后我沒(méi)見(jiàn)到過(guò)他。

6. set sth. down寫(xiě)下來(lái)

set sb. down 使坐；停車(chē)讓乘客下車(chē)；

7. keep track of sb./ sth.；It’s hard to keep track of all one’s old school friends.

lose track of：lose track of time說(shuō)不準現在的確切時(shí)間

8.live to be 活到 (不定式 to be 作結果狀語(yǔ))

She lived to be 80. 她活到了八十歲。

類(lèi)似結構：

prove /turn to be…證明是；結果是

9. balance n. 天平；平衡；諧調，勻稱(chēng)；余額

Have you brought something to weigh the flesh? A balance?

balance of nature； keep/lose one’s balance

All the parts of the building are in perfect balance.

v. 使……保持平衡；結算；等價(jià)，抵消

How long can you balance on one foot?

balance an account / one’s books 結帳

This year’s profits will balance our previous losses.

10. stand out突出；杰出；明顯；醒目；堅持；支撐；容忍；允許

to stand out a crisis挨過(guò)危機； Stand still ! 站住，不許動(dòng)！

stand by 在場(chǎng)；靠近; 袖手旁觀(guān)； stand by one's promise 遵守諾言

stand down退出競選;離開(kāi)證人席； stand for代表，表示；意指；象征

stand in當替身；代替； stand up耐久；耐用; 成立

Will the charge stand up in court? 這個(gè)指控在法庭上能成立嗎？

stand up for維護；擁護；支持

11. next to 在……旁邊；跟在……之后；幾乎，近于；僅次于

He lives next to me.

Next to skiing her favorite sport was ice-hockey.我最喜歡的運動(dòng)是滑雪，其次是冰球。

next to impossible 幾乎不可能

next to last 倒數第二

next to nothing（none）差不多沒(méi)有, 很少

12. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.

◆As 引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句（部分倒裝）（課后注釋?zhuān)?/p>

Impressive as the record is = Though the record is impressive

Angry as he was, he listened to me patiently. 他很惱火，卻能耐心地聽(tīng)我說(shuō)話(huà)。

The air was cold, bright as the sun was. 雖然陽(yáng)光燦爛，天氣卻很冷。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

◆復習：though, although, in spite of, despite

◆fade vi. 從視覺(jué)﹑聽(tīng)覺(jué)或記憶中漸漸消失

The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance. （＝died away）歡呼聲在遠方漸漸消失。

As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness.夜幕降臨時(shí)，海岸線(xiàn)消失在黑暗中。

The memory of her son will never fade from her mind.她永遠忘不了她的兒子。

13. set a record

beat（break, cut）the（a）record 打破記錄；hold record保持記錄；keep a record (of) 記下來(lái), 記錄；set (up) a new record創(chuàng )新紀錄

14. achieve one’s goal

in a row 連續， 一連串 ；in rows 成行， 成排，排列著(zhù)

China women volleyball team won five champions in a row in the 1980s.

They planted the trees in rows.

15. in the first place首先, 第一點(diǎn)；in the last place最后；in the next place其次, 第二點(diǎn)； ；in place of 代替,用...而不用…；in places 在某些地方, 有幾處；in one’s place處于某人的位置, 為某人設身處地想一想；make place for為……騰出地方, 讓位于； take one's place就座, 入座; 占有 地位;代替某人; 接替某人的位置；take the place of 代替；take place發(fā)生, 舉行

The darkest place is under the candlestick. [諺]燈臺只照人不照己(意指當事者往往最不了解情況)。

There is no place like home. [諺]作客固佳, 在家更好; 在家千日好, 出門(mén)一時(shí)難。

16. make for v. ①有利于，有助于；②(尤指匆匆地)走向, 傾向于, 導致；向……前進(jìn)

Small details can make for comfort. 一些小節可令人舒適。

This visit made for better communication between us.這次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)促進(jìn)了我們之間的更好的交流。

The large print makes for easier reading.大號字體便于閱讀。

Does early rising make for good health? 早起有利于健康嗎？

17.apply for vi.申請

◆apply ( to sb.) for sth.向(某人)申請某物 ；apply to do sth. 申請干某事

◆ vt. 應用；運用 apply sth. to sth.

◆ vi.適用;產(chǎn)生作用;有直接聯(lián)系：apply to sb./ sth. ；apply oneself to (doing) sth. =devote oneself to (doing) sth. 專(zhuān)心從事/埋頭于…

application n. u申請,請求，n. c申請書(shū)；applicant n.c 申請人；applicable adj.使用的，合適的

18. confirm vt.

19. result vi.; n.

result in=lead to/cause/bring about 導致

result from…=be caused by 由…導致/造成

His carelessness resulted in failure. 他的粗心造成了失敗。

Failure resulted from his carelessness. 失敗是由他的粗心導致的。

20.be fascinated by 被…迷��；be fascinated with迷上…

21. burst into sth.=burst out doing sth. 突然而猛烈地發(fā)出或產(chǎn)生某物

~ into cheers/laughter/tears/screams＝burst out cheering/laughing/crying /screaming突然喝彩/大笑/大哭/尖叫

22 head 前往；朝向；head down to ；head for（更常用）；head north

When I saw the car heading for me, I stepped aside.

Clouds are gathering. I think we’d better head for the hotel in case it starts to rain.

23. inspect[In5spekt] vt.①檢查；審查；②視察；調查

He inspected the car before he bought it.他買(mǎi)這輛車(chē)之前仔細檢查了一下。

The government sent sb. to inspect our school.政府派人來(lái)視察我們學(xué)校。

24. be around來(lái)(訪(fǎng))，come around來(lái)(訪(fǎng))；到來(lái)

25. an outgoing personality開(kāi)朗的性格

a warm, outgoing personality.熱情友好的個(gè)性

26. ◆familiar

sb. be familiar with sth. 某人對…熟悉/通曉； sb. be familiar with sb.與某人過(guò)分親熱；sth. be familiar to sb. 為某人所熟悉；familiarity n. 熟悉，親密；◆similar：

be similar to 與…相似/類(lèi)似；similarity n. 相似，相似之點(diǎn)

27.A new generation of sports is capturing the hearts and minds of people who are willing to try something new. 新一代的體育運動(dòng)占據了想嘗試新鮮事物的人們的所有心思。

capture: vt. 捕獲；占領(lǐng)；贏(yíng)得

Our task was to capture a number of these monkeys alive. 我們的任務(wù)是活捉許多猴子。

He captured first place in the men’s broad jump with a leap of 7.51 meters.

他以7.51米的成績(jì)取得了男子跳遠的第一名

28 center v.

(1) center on /upon 將…當作中心或重點(diǎn); 集中于

Their talks always center on politics. 他們的談話(huà)總是圍繞著(zhù)政治。

The discussion centers on the most important questions.

(2) center sth. on /upon 將某物集中在…上/集中于….

29 concentrate vt.

1) 集中：~ (one’s thought/attention…) on/upon…集中(思想/注意力…) 于…

We must ~ our attention on efficiency. 我們必須把注意力集中在效率上。

2) 聚集, 集結＝center

Our population is concentrated in the big cities. 我國人口集中在大城市里。

concentrate on/upon全神貫注;專(zhuān)心致志于；全力以赴；專(zhuān)心

She couldn't concentrate on a book very long. 她不能長(cháng)時(shí)間專(zhuān)心讀一本書(shū)。

n. concentration camp 集中營(yíng)

30.delight n.

1) 欣喜,愉快 [U]＝j(luò )oy

to one’s delight令…高興的是 ；with delight興高采烈/高興地 ；take/find delight in以…為樂(lè )

2) 樂(lè )事,樂(lè )趣[C] He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life. 他喜歡紐約夜生活的樂(lè )趣。

vt. 使高興；使愉快=please

The clown ~ed the audience. 小丑逗樂(lè )了觀(guān)眾。

I'm delighted that you are back. 你回來(lái)了,我很高興。

We were delighted to read your novel. 我們很高興拜讀你的小說(shuō)。

be delighted by/with sth. 因…而高興

31.register

1) vt.登記,注冊,申報; (儀表等)標示,;記錄=read

He went to the city hall to register the birth of his son. 他去市政廳為他兒子作出生登記。

The thermometer registered 70 degrees. 溫度計顯示七十度。

2) vi.登記,注冊

I registered at a hotel near the train station. 我在靠近火車(chē)站的一家旅館登記住宿

Unit 2 Crossing Limits

一、 課程標準要求掌握的項目：

1. 話(huà)題： Talking about exploring the world.

2. 詞匯：evaluate, various, key, origin, equip, puzzle, wealthy, Asian, African, ambassador, wander, motherland, existence, navy, treasure, command, royal, embassy, zebra, volunteer, radium, dam, suggest, accomplish, sickness, unable, sacred, refer, aircraft, arise, evidence, chairman, praise, in the name of, in exchange for, set sail, in return, bring up, apart from, refer to, run out

3. 功能：形式評估和做出決定：Judging situation and making decisions

…, all nations in the world agreed…

Some would say…

We should, however, realize…

二、 課文中出現的詞組

1. make decisions about… 做出…決定

2. take possession of… 占有，占領(lǐng)

3. in the name of… 以……名義

4. be equipped with… 配備，裝備

5. a state key project 國家重點(diǎn)工程

6. masses of… 大量的

7. have contact with…接觸到…，和…有聯(lián)系

8. in exchange for… 交換

9. be known to sb. 為某人所知

10. on/ off the coast of…在……海岸

11. be taken prisoner 被俘獲

12. refer to…查閱, 提到, 談到,涉及

13. date from=date back to…自某時(shí)代存在至今，追溯到，屬于（某一歷史時(shí)期），始于

14. reach the height of one’s power 達到了權利的頂峰

15. have the will to do sth.有意做……

16. under the command of…在…的指揮下

17. set sail 揚帆起航

18. renew relations with…恢復和……的關(guān)系

19. in return 作為回報

20. apart from 遠離，除……之外

21. adjust to… 適應，調節，調整

22. rely on 依賴(lài)，依靠

23. run out 用完；耗盡; 強使離去；驅逐 25．make an attempt to do sth.試圖做……

26. leave behind 留下，遺留

27．base on 以…為基礎，以…為根據

28．a(chǎn)rgue for / against 贊成/反對…

29．lose one’s interest in…對……失去興趣

30．in search of / in one’s search for…尋找

31．concentrate on…集中，全神貫注于……

32．be active in =take an active part in 積極參加…

33．by accident =by chance 偶然

34．more or less 或多或少，幾乎

35．hear about/ of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)

36．turn out to be…結果是， 證明是

37．sail westward 向西航行

38．on earth 在世上，究竟

39．a(chǎn)ct as 擔當

40．bring up照料，教育（小孩）；撫養

41. make / find one’s way to… 行進(jìn)，前行

42．be up against 面臨，必須對付（困境或對手）

43． make a voyage /journey / trip

go on a voyage / journey / trip

44. a large sum of money 一大筆錢(qián)

45. be praises as… 被譽(yù)為…

46．in common with…和……一樣

三、句型

1. It is well known that Africa had contacts with India and the Red Sea civilizations form the earliest times.

2. It was a major development that the Africans were reaching out to China.

3. The wonderful gift and the contact with the black court so excited China’s curiosity about Africa that Zheng He sent a message to the king and to other African states, inviting them to send ambassadors and open embassies in the new Ming capital, Beijing.

4. The exchange of goods had a symbolic meaning far more important than the value of the goods themselves.

5. All that was left to be conquered was the “third pole”, the highest mountain on earth, Mount Qomolangma.

6. some suggested that it not be accomplished.

7. Climbing at such high altitudes requires great skill and is not without risk.

8. Apart from the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels can cause mountain sickness, which can kill.

9. They had no idea what they were up against and failed to reach the top.

10. The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed at the strange bottles containing what they referred to as “English air”.

11. In later years the question arose who was the first in the team to reach the top.

12. When their oxygen ran out, they had no chance of surviving.

13. The New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, as members of a British team, were the first to make it to the summit of Mount Womolangma.

14. Tasman sailed past Australia without seeing the continent, but discovered Tasmania and the west coast of New Zealand, which he thought was part of the southern continent.

15. What he needed was a new pair of glasses because what he had seen were not people but penguins.

16. He was positive about the existence of a large unknown continent, and believed its northern coast to be lying somewhere in the Pacific Ocean.

17. Unable to find it, he decided to set sail for New Zealand, which had already been discovered by the Dutch.

三、 部分知識點(diǎn)講解

1．various adj．各種各樣的。不同的

He analyzed the various factors． 他分析了各種不同因素。

Of all the various ways of cooking an egg，I like boiling best．

various，varied都可作“各種各樣的”解，大部分情況下可通用，但varied可表示“正在變化之中的”，如：a varied life。

2．in the name of以……的名義。代表

I arrest you in the name of the law． 我以法律的名義逮捕你。

The prime minister spoke in the name of the King．部長(cháng)代表國王講話(huà)。

I opened an account in the bank in your name．我以你的名義在銀行開(kāi)了一個(gè)賬號。

by name用(靠、按)名字，名叫；by the name of名叫……；of the name of名字叫……；name after以……命名

3．a(chǎn)ccurate adj．精確的。準確的。正確無(wú)誤的

His information was accurate．他的信息很準確。accurate強調“精確無(wú)誤”。如：

in accurate calculation精確的計算

correct按一定標準沒(méi)有差錯。如：I correct answer正確的答案

right很多情況下可與correct互換，但常有道德上認可的含義，如：

the right course of action正確的行動(dòng)方針

4. suggest vt．

(1)提議，建議。后跟動(dòng)名詞、that從句(從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should do，should可省略)

suggest sth．to sb．

He suggested the idea to me． 他向我提出那種想法。

I suggest going there at once．我建議立刻去那里。

The teacher suggested that we do our homework now．老師建議我們現在就做作業(yè)。

(2)使人想起，暗示

His pale face suggests that he is i11．他的蒼白的臉色表明他病了。

5. accomplish vt．達到(目的)。完成(任務(wù))，實(shí)現(計劃)

This task is accomplished by great effort．完成這項任務(wù)花了很大力氣。

He accomplished a great deal during his first year．第一年他就取得了很多成績(jì)。

It is the workers who will accomplish this task．就是工人們將完成這項任務(wù)。

accomplish指做到底，實(shí)現一個(gè)計劃，如：

to accomplish a trip完成一次旅行

finish指完成日常的事，如：

He finished the homework．他完成了作業(yè)。

complete指加上缺少的部分，如：

to complete the sentence把句子補充完整

6. apart from除……外

He works until nine o‘clock every evening，and that’s quite apart from the work he does over the weekend．他每天晚上工作到9點(diǎn)，這還不算他周末加班。

Apart from the salary，ifs not a bad job．除工資(偏低)外，這工作不錯。

Apart from you and me，I don’t think there was anyone there under thirty．

除你我之外，我認為沒(méi)有人在30歲以下。

There can be no knowledge apart from practice．

不可能有脫離實(shí)踐的知識。

歸納拓展：apart from , in addition(to) , besides, as well (as) ,except for ,except, but

(1)apart from這個(gè)復合介詞兼有“除外”和“包括”的雙重意義。

(2)以下短語(yǔ)或單詞意義相近，均表示“除……之外還有 ……”這一“附加”意義。

in addition(to) besides as well(as)

(3)以下短語(yǔ)或單詞均表示“除……之外沒(méi)有……”這一“排除”意義。

except for except but

7．a(chǎn)rise vi．出現。發(fā)生；由……引起。由……發(fā)生

A difficulty arose right here． 困難就在這里。

How did the quarrel arise? 這次爭吵是怎么引起的?

Originally，organic compounds were thought to arise from life processes．

最初有機化合物是由生命過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的。

rise vi．升起，上漲；raise vt．舉起，提高，提升，提出；飼養(羊、雞等)，撫養(子女等)，招募(軍隊等)，募捐(錢(qián)等)。

8．in exchange for交換�；�換

He gave me an apple in exchange for a cake． 他給我一個(gè)蘋(píng)果，換一塊蛋糕。

They were given food and shelter in exchange for wor用勞動(dòng)換取食物和棲身之處。

9．bring up教育；養育；提出；引出；嘔吐；to bring up the question提出問(wèn)題

She was brought up by her grandparents． 她是由爺爺奶奶帶大的。

He brought up all the food he had eaten． 他把吃下的食物都嘔吐出來(lái)了。

歸納拓展：bring in獲利；賺；bring about帶來(lái)，引起；bring down使……降低

The boys bring in￡60 a week． 這些男孩子每周賺60鎊。

How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?

去年副業(yè)使這家農戶(hù)增加了多少收入?

The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work．

因特網(wǎng)使我們的工作方式發(fā)生了很大變化。

We’d better wait till they bring down their prices． 我們最好等他們降價(jià)。

§2．2發(fā)散思維

run out of用光。用盡

We are running out of water． 我們的水要用盡了。

We ran out of petrol yesterday． 昨天我們用光了汽油。

比較：All our supply of food has run out． 我們所有的食品供應都用光了。

We decided we had better go home，before our money ran out．

我們決定最好在錢(qián)用光之前回家。

表示“用光、用盡”的還有：use up，give out

All those I had are used up．我所有的都用光了。

They have used up their money．他們用光了錢(qián)。

The fuel gave out．燃料用光了。

You can’t have a hot bath-the water will give out．你不能洗熱水澡了。要沒(méi)水了。

從以上例子可看出，雖然這些詞組都表示“用光、用完”，但use up，run out of為及物動(dòng)詞，而run out，give out為不及物動(dòng)詞。

歸納拓展：run into遇上，偶然遇到；陷于，碰上(困境、麻煩等)

I ran into Emma on my way home．我在回家的路上碰到了Emma。

If you run into difficulties，try to overcome them．如遇困難，要努力去克服。

Unit 3 The Land down under

一、課程標準要求掌握的項目

1、話(huà)題：Talking about Australia history, geography, nature, customs and culture

2、詞匯：strait, islander, fellow, criminal, govern, governor, resemble, diverse, transform, immigration, strengthen, differ, pronunciation, vocabulary, female, concept, chew, chairwoman, entire, mine, fence, outdoors, birthplace, outing, lemonade, barbecue, roast, steak, barrier, pointed, claw, hairy, medium, bushy, as a consequence (of), break out, feed…on, round up

3、功能：復習表達禁止與警告的日常用語(yǔ)（Expressing prohibitions and warnings ）

Look out! Be careful! Take care! Don’t (do)…, Never (do)…, you’d better (not do)…

You can’t / mustn’t…, If you…, you’ll…, you are not allowed to

4、詞組

1) stay safe 保持安全

2) an experienced outback guide

3) a ten-day trip 十天的旅行

4) go bushwalking/cycling/surfing

去灌木叢中散步/去騎自行車(chē)/去沖浪

5) warn sb. of…提醒某人注意/提防……

6) be made up of…=consist of 由……組成

7) be surrounded by…被……包圍

8) stand for…代表

9) be used to do /be used to doing…

10) the first Australians 首批澳大利亞人

11) at least 至少

12) be chosen as…被選為……

13) be known as…被稱(chēng)之為……

14) be harmful to…對……有害

15) as a consequence 結果

16) take away from 剝奪

17) have an influence on…=have an effect on/upon =influence sb/sth =affect sb/sth

18) suffer from…遭受

19) transform…into…把……轉變成

20) benefit from…受益于 21) improve one’s living conditions

22) differ from…be different form 與……不同get away from 逃離

23) daily life 日常生活

24) set foot on…踏上……

25) sense of responsibility 責任感

26) be connected to…與……相連接

27) lay eggs 產(chǎn)卵，下蛋

28) feed…on…用……喂養

29) give birth to 生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)生

30) keep out (of )不使……入內

31) round up 聚攏

32) depend on 依賴(lài)，依靠，取決于

33) all the year round 一年到頭

34) on an open fire 在篝火上

35) hand down 傳下來(lái)

36) become /be experienced at 在……有經(jīng)驗

37) lack of 缺乏

38) die from 死于……

39) in addition to…除……之外

40) be intended for…

41) other than 不同于，除了

5. 句型

1. Sydney is perhaps Australia’s most famous city, but the capital of Australia is Canberra, a city located between Sydney and Melbourne.

2. Some Australian Aborigines still live in a similar way to their ancestors, while others live in cities, towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians.

3. Later, when the American War of Independence made it impossible for England to send prisoners to North America, Australia was chosen as a new place where prisoners and criminals were sent.

4. It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognize the importance of a diverse society.

5. While some of the Aboriginal languages have been lost, people are trying hard to protect and record what is left.

6. Scientists have discovered that the Aborigines were among the first to create rock art and to make tools.

7. It was not until the 1960s that the Australian government came to realize the importance of passing laws to strengthen the rights of the “first Australians”.

8. Only in this way could the people in Australia build a society of diverse cultures.

9. Having been separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plant and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world.

10. In area it is approximately the same size as the USA ,which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.

6． 部分知識點(diǎn)講解：

people 的含義

（1） 相當于persons (一個(gè)以上的人) There are many people in the room

（2） 指persons in general 人們。What will people think of this?人們將如何看待這件事？

（3） 指all the ordinary members of a state 人民（與the連用）serve the people heart and soul

（4） 指those persons who live in a particular place or have a particular nationality 某一地的居民或具有某一國籍的人民。the people of London 倫敦居民，the British people 英國人民

（5） 指nation (民族)，race （人種），tribe (部落)等，此時(shí)people為單數，其復數形式為peoples

the peoples of the world 世界各民族；Europe is made up of many peoples.

典型例題：The Chinese people(人民)are a hardworking people (民族)。

fellow 的含義

（1） 人，男人 Paul is an easy-going sort of fellow.保羅是個(gè)隨和的人。

（2） 朋友（用語(yǔ)友好地稱(chēng)呼男人）。Hello my dear fellow!你好，親愛(ài)的朋友！

（3） 伙伴們（指工作的同事或學(xué)校的同學(xué)）He’s much more serious than his school fellows.

（4） [重要學(xué)會(huì )的]會(huì )員，[學(xué)院的]董事，研究員

（5） [形容詞] 同事，同學(xué)，同胞等；She ignored her fellow passengers throughout the whole journey.

claim vt（根據權利）要求，認領(lǐng)，索賠; 自稱(chēng)；主張

Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?

She claims that she is related to the Queen.

She claims to be related to the Queen.

as a consequence 結果，后果

as a consequence= in consequence/as a result

After graduation, he became quite lazy. As a consequence, he lost what he owned.

in consequence of =as a result of/because of/due to/owing to

In consequence of his rudeness, he was fired by his boss

make up 和解,和好;虛構,編造;化妝;補償,彌補;湊錢(qián) be made up of 由……組成

It is very hard to make up the quarrel between the couple.

Don’t make up any excuse to cheat me.

I find no time to make myself up every day.

Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.

Have you made up the money for your class?

while

(1) while并列連詞，表示對比或對照 Mr Smith is a play writer while his wife is a famous actress.

⑵while當……的時(shí)候，引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 While working in the office, he found a stranger steal in.

⑶while表示讓步，“雖然，盡管” While the parents love the children, they are strict with them.