Unit One Making a difference
Language points
1. within prep. 在……范圍以?xún)?/p>
adv. 在里面；在內心
eg: I shall be back within half an hour.
Stay within hearing distance of the house.
It wasn’t within my power to help her.
Outwardly, he repented, but within, he felt no remorse.
練習：
Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table ____ reach of little children.
A. into B.wihout C. within D. with [C]
1)．Stay within hearing distance of the house．(英譯漢)
2)．They finally came within sight of the shore．(英譯漢)
Out of one’s reach=beyond one’s reach=without one’s reach
2.undertake vt.vi undertake something ; undertake to do sth; undertake that
練習：
1. 他負責整個(gè)計劃的組織工作。
He_________the organization of th whole scheme.
2. 這種人很難把他們的工作做成功。
It is difficult for such men tosucceed in anything they_________.
3. 那工作由他們承擔。 The work________ ________by them..
4. You will_______your new duties tomorrow.
A. undertook B.assume C.engage D.promise
5. I________to teach the children English.
A.undertook B.undertakes C.am undertaking D.well undertake
6. Although she had enough free time．she didn't _______to look after her sick mother．
A underline B understand C underplay D．undertake
1. undertook 2. undertake 3. is undertaken 4. B 5.A 6.D
3. curious adj. eager，interested好奇的；好求知的
curiously adv． 好奇地，奇怪地
eg：be curious about sth．對某事感興趣，好奇
be curious to do sth.
be curious + that從句
He was curious to know what would happen他很想知道會(huì )發(fā)生什事。
I am curious why she was late for school．我很想知道她為什么上學(xué)遲到。
She is too curious about her neighbors’business．她太好管鄰居的閑事。
They looked at her curiously．他們好奇地看著(zhù)她
Curiously enough，he didn't like music．說(shuō)也奇怪，他并不喜歡音樂(lè )。
4. similar adj. like；of the same sort類(lèi)似的，相似的
eg：We have similar opinions．我們都有類(lèi)似的意見(jiàn)。
Similar triangles have equal angles．相似三角形有相等的角。
be similar to和……相似，類(lèi)似
eg：My opinions are similar to his．我的意見(jiàn)和他的意見(jiàn)相似。
【拓展】Be farmiliar to …… 被。。。。。。熟悉
Be farmiliar with……對。。。。。。熟悉
5. debate vt; vi; n debate sth ;debate about /on sth(with sb)
注意與：discuss,argue,quarrel的區別
1．這問(wèn)題沒(méi)討論的價(jià)值。
The question was not worth ________.
2．孩子們爭論誰(shuí)是中國第一學(xué)者。
The children________who was the great Chinese scholar.
3．史密斯先生和大衛夫人因為房子吵架了。
Mr.Smith and Mr.David__________with each orther________the house
4．政府討論有必要拓寬公路的問(wèn)題。
The government ________the need for widening the highway.
5．代表們對憲法補充議案的優(yōu)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行辯論。
The representatives_________the merits of the proposed constitutional amendment.
A.Discussed B.disputed C.debated D.quarrdled
6．他和他哥哥為遺囑條款一事?tīng)幊称饋?lái)。
He ________ ________his brother_______the terms of their father’s will.
7．The government ____the education laws.
A.is arguing B.is disputing C.is debating D. are debating
8．他們不加什么考慮就通過(guò)了提議。
They passed the motion with _______。
6．Promise n.&v. written or spoken undertaking t0 do，or not to do sth..
(1) n. ①[C]承諾，諾言，契約
eg：He gave me a promise of helping me．他答應要幫助我。
Don't forget your promise to keep the secret for me．
不要忘記替我保守秘密的諾言。
【拓展】
give／make a promise許諾
keep a promise遵守諾言
break a promise違背諾言
eg：He made／gave a promise that he would buy a gift for me．
他許諾他會(huì )給我買(mǎi)份禮物。
Everyone should keep a promise．人人都要守信。
Don't make friends with one who always breaks a promise．
不要和總是不守信用的人交朋友。
②[U]指望，希望，前途eg：
He is an engineer of promise．他是有希望(前途)的工程師。
(2 ) v. ①有……的希望，恐怕(可能)會(huì )
eg：She promises to be a good wife．她渴望做個(gè)好太太。
警示】promising adj. 有希望、有前途的、前途光明的
eg：a promising actress 有前途的女演員
The weather is promising．天氣可望好轉。
②允諾，答應
that從句
promise sth.
sb. to do sth.
eg：They promised(us)that they would respect our decision．
他們答應會(huì )尊重我們的決定。
Promise(me)never to trouble me again． 答應(我)絕不再麻煩我。
【警示】 在promise sb．to do sth．結構中，to do的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是sb．而是主句的主語(yǔ)，而permit sb．to do sth．中to do的邏輯主語(yǔ)是sb．。請比較下面兩個(gè)句子：．
He promised me to come earlier．他答應我他早點(diǎn)
He permitted me to leave． 他允許我離開(kāi)。
7. engage v. be bound by a promise to marry；take part in；employ
(1)使(某人)訂婚(多以過(guò)去分詞當形容詞用)
eg：
Mary engaged herself to a Frenchman．= Mary was engaged to a Frenchman．瑪麗和一個(gè)法國人訂了婚。
(2)從事于、忙于(多以過(guò)去分詞當形容詞用)
eg：He wants to engage(himself)in foreign trade．
他想從事對外貿易。
Please wait a minute；he is engaged just now．
請稍等一會(huì )，他正有事呢。
with sth．
【警示】‘‘忙于”可用be busy （in）doing sth.
eg：He was busy doing his homework．
而engage in后常用名詞。
He was engaged in his homework．他正忙著(zhù)(做)作業(yè)。
雇用，聘
eg：He engaged my sister as his secretary．
他聘用我妹妹當秘書(shū)。
【拓展】engage for保證，擔保
eg：That's all I can engage for．我所能擔保的僅此而已。
練習： They _______engaged for one year．Now they are engaged_______ preparation for the wedding．
A．were；to B．have been；to
C．became；in D．have been；in [ D ]
8.seek v. (1)尋找，探索，追求
eg：He is seeking an answer to the problem．
他正在尋找問(wèn)題的答案。
He found it worthless to seek fame．
他發(fā)現追求名聲是不值得的。
(2)征求，請求
eg：He sought his doctor's advice．他征求醫生的意見(jiàn)。
【警示】"向某人尋求某事"seek sth．from sb．如用ask則表達為ask sb．for sth．
eg：You must seek permissions from the manager．
You must ask the manager for the permission．
你需請求經(jīng)理批準。
(3)設法，試圖(后常跟不定式)
eg：They are seeking to mislead us．
他們竭力誤導我們。
He sought deceive his parents but in vain．
他試圖欺騙雙親，但白費心機。
【拓展】①seek sb．／sth．out找出或找到某人／某物
eg：We sought her out to tell her of her success．
我們找到她，告訴她成功了。
②seek after／for尋找、探索、追求
eg：He is seeking after wealth and power and position．
他追求財富、權勢和地位。
③be much sought after非常搶手，各方搶著(zhù)要
eg：The critic is much sought after these day．
最近，那個(gè)評論家成了各方互相爭搶的紅人。
④seek one's fortune(習語(yǔ))尋找致富及成功之道
練習：They______ punish him for his crime but he escaped．
A．seek to B．sought to
C．seek fo D．sought for [ B ]
9．Match v.& n. be equal to．be corresponding with；contest ,game
(1)v. ①與(某物)相配(尤指顏色)
eg：These curtains won't match your carpet．
這些窗簾和你那塊地毯不相配。
②找到與……相似或相配的東西
eg：Can you match this wallpaper?
你能找到和這塊壁紙相配的嗎?
③與……相匹敵
eg：No one can match her at chess．下
國際象棋誰(shuí)也比不上她。
【拓展】 match up一致，符合
match up to sb．／sth．與……同樣好或相當
eg：The two statements don't match up．兩份說(shuō)明不相符。
The film didn't match up to my expectations．
這影片沒(méi)有我想得那么好。
n． ① 火柴
eg：a box of matches一盒火柴
② 比賽、競賽eg：a football match足球比賽
【警示】
match v．“和……相配；和……相稱(chēng)；使較量”，一般指兩樣東西互相匹配或兩人的能力勢均力敵、互為對手。
fit v. “使適合；使相配”，一般指衣服、鞋帽等合體、合身，強調大小、尺寸與某人的身材合適。
suit v．“適合于；相配”，一般指氣侯、食物、花色、款式、設計等適合某人.`
This hat matches your jacket perfectly．
這頂帽子跟你的夾克十分相配。
We must find carpets that'll match the curtain．
我們必須尋找可和這些窗簾搭配的地毯。
I can't match her at chess．我下棋比不上她。
The two pieces of furniture don't match．
這兩件家具不搭配。
These shoes fit me very well．
這雙鞋子我穿著(zhù)大小正合適。
I don't think this jacket fits me；it's rather too small．
我想這件上衣不適合我，太小了。
This climate doesn't suit her．
這種氣候不適合她。
Rich food doesn't suit my stomach．
油膩的食物不適合我的胃口。
The color of the dress suits her very well．
這衣物的顏色很適合她。
練習：This hat _____ your jacket perfectly．
A．suits B．makes
C．matches D．fits [ C ]
10. predict v. tell in advance預言，預報，報告
eg：The earthquake had been predicted several months before.
這次地震早在幾個(gè)月以前 就發(fā)布了預報。
【警示】
predict + or --→ n.預言者、預報者、預測器
prediction n．預言，預報
Predictable adj. 可預言的，可預測的
eg：predictable behaviour可預料的行為
Do you take seriously his prediction of a government defeat．
他預料政府要受挫，你認為這話(huà)靠得住嗎?
名詞(詞組)
11．
according to + 代詞(詞組)
according as + 從句
eg：You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad．你將依照你工作成績(jì)的好壞而受到獎懲。
According to my watch，it is 5 o'clock．
我的表顯示的是五點(diǎn)鐘。
Each man will be paid according to his ability.
每個(gè)人的工資將視其能力而定。
練習： He will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime．(英譯漢)
12．turn out 結果(是)；證明(是)；原來(lái)(是)；后常接“(to be)+
adj./n.”，亦可接副詞。
eg：If the day turns out wet，we may have to change our plans．
萬(wàn)一下雨的話(huà)，我們也許得改變計劃。
The night turned out cold and rainy.
那個(gè)晚上結果是寒冷且下雨。
The rumor turned out(to be)true．
那謠言后來(lái)證明是真的。
The plan turns out well．
那項計劃結果很圓滿(mǎn)。
Ite turned out(to be)a spy．他竟然是一名間諜。
【警示】可構成句型：It turns out that…“結果是……；后來(lái)證實(shí)……”。
eg：It turns out that she has never been marrled．
結果是她根本沒(méi)結過(guò)婚。
It turned out that two travellers had been killed．
后來(lái)證實(shí)有兩位旅客喪生。
【拓展】
(1)turn into把……變成 (2)turn back往回走、折回
(3)turn down調低、關(guān)小、拒絕 (4)turn in交還、上繳
(5)turn off關(guān)掉 (6)turn on打開(kāi) (7)turn over翻轉
(8)turn to翻到、轉向……，求助 (9)turn up出現、到達
練習：（1）We can go outing tomorrow．The wether will_____ fine．
A．turned up B．turned out C．turned over D．turned down [ B ]
(2)(’01全國26)We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it_________very well.
A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on [A]
(3)We wanted to get home before dark,but it didn’t quite _____ as planted .(2004Jie jiang25)
A.make out B.turn out C.go on D.come up [B]
turn out (to be )
(4). 講座結果很沉悶。The lecture _______ ______to be very dull.
(5). 蛋糕最后做出來(lái)很漂亮。The cake _______ _______beautifully.
(6). 新手證明是隊里最出色的擊球員。The rookie _______ ________ ________the best hitter on the team.
13.
patient adj. 有耐心的，能容忍的
n. 病人
patience n. 耐心、耐性、忍耐力
eg：You should be more patient with others．你應該多容忍他人一些。
The hospital has a lot of patients．那家醫院患者很多。
This kind of work requires much patience．
這種工作需要很大的耐心。
【拓展】
lose／run out of one's patience 失去耐心
We have lost／run out of our patience after three hours’waiting．
三個(gè)小時(shí)的等待之后，我們失去了耐心。
14．make a difference 產(chǎn)生差別；有影響；起重要作用eg：
I admit that makes a difference．我承認那與眾不同。
Yousupport will certainly make a difference in our cause．
你的支持當然會(huì )對我們的事業(yè)起作用。
【警示】常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，后接wh-從句。
eg：It makes a difference which you choose．
你選擇哪一個(gè)，事關(guān)重大。
It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not．
不管他去或是不去，對我都無(wú)關(guān)緊要。
15. what if (1) 如果……怎么辦，即使……又有什么關(guān)系
eg：What if they don't come? 如果他們不來(lái)怎么辦?
What if he gets angry? 即使他生氣又有什么關(guān)系?
What if they should be thieves? 如果他們是賊的話(huà)怎么辦?
What if she finds out that you have lost her book?
倘使她發(fā)現你弄丟了她的書(shū)，怎么辦?
What if we fail/failed/should fail？萬(wàn)一我們失敗了，怎么辦?
What if a storm should come up? 暴風(fēng)雨要是來(lái)了怎么辦?
What if I fail? 即使我失敗了又能怎樣?
(2)what if還可以用來(lái)表示“建議、邀請或要求”，從句中常用一般現在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
eg：What if you join us for lunch？
【拓展】
(1)What is called所謂
(2)What about……怎么樣
(3)What's more而且
16. laugh at
(1)因……而發(fā)笑 eg：
He laughed at the funny story．他聽(tīng)到那個(gè)有趣的故事而發(fā)笑。
(2)嘲笑eg：Don't laugh at a person who is in trouble．不要嘲笑陷于困境的人。
【拓展】①laugh away以笑消除 ②laugh down以笑打斷／拒絕
17．punish vt．懲罰；處罰
The murderer was punished by death．
那殺人犯被處以死刑。
Drunken driving should be punished severely by the law．
酗酒開(kāi)車(chē)應受到法律嚴懲。
He narrowly escaped being punished．他差一點(diǎn)受到懲罰。
【警示】
常用于punish sb．for doing sth．結構。
His father punished him for telling lies．
他父親因他說(shuō)謊而處罰他。
The teacher punished him for cheating on the exam．
老師因為他考試作弊而處罰他。
18．
use up
run out 用光，耗盡
run out of
We used up all the bread at breakfast．早餐我們吃光了所有的面包。
Thev have used up their money．=Their money has been used up．
他們把錢(qián)用光了。
We are running out of water．=Water is being run out of．
=Water is running out．水快用完了。
All our supply of food has run out．
我們所有的存糧都用光了。
練習：(1) With drink and food_______，the prisoner had to
walk out of the cave where he was hiding．
A．run out B．run out of
C．use up D．using up [ B ]
(2)（2005山東卷32）. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has ______?
A. given out B. put out C. held up D. used up [A]
19．含point的幾個(gè)句型及詞組小結
to the point切題
when it comes to the point到了關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻
be on the point of doing sth.when
正要做某事時(shí)突然(發(fā)生另外一件事)
There is no point in doing sth. 做某事沒(méi)有作用或沒(méi)有意義
Point out 指出
練習：(1)一--shall we have a talk with her and tried to persuade her not to see a movie tonight?
--There is no_______talking to her．She never listens．
A．good B．value C．point D．worth [ C ]
(2)（2005湖北卷）30．He hasn’t slept at all for three days. he is tired out.
A．There is no point B．There is no need
C．It is no wonder D．It is no way （C）
(3)(2004浙江28). --- Brad was Jane’s brother!
---_______ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A. No doubt B. Above all C. No wonder D. Of course [C]
難點(diǎn)
1. Imagination is more important than knowledge．
想像力比知識更重要。
(1)在這個(gè)句子中，我們應注意more…than．．．的正確理解，漢語(yǔ)意思為“比……更……”。
eg： He works more and better than he used to．
他的工作比過(guò)去做得更好。
Some students think chemistry is more interesting than physics．
有些學(xué)生認為化學(xué)比物理更有意思。
(2)另外more…than…還可譯作“與其……倒不如……”
eg：The child was more frightened than hurt．
這孩子的傷倒不算什么，只是受驚不小。
The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar．
這本書(shū)看來(lái)與其說(shuō)是一本語(yǔ)法書(shū)，倒不如說(shuō)是一本詞典。
2. It takes a very unusual mind t0 undertake analysis of the obvious．
分析明顯存在的事物需要非凡的頭腦。
(1)在這個(gè)句中take作“需要，要求”講。
eg：The journey from London to Oxford takes about an hour and a half．
從倫敦到牛津大約需要一個(gè)半小時(shí)。
It'll take a long time for her to recover from the illness．
她的病需要很長(cháng)時(shí)間才能痊愈。
3．…they are studying something that is too large or too difficult to observe directly，…
他們正在研究一些太大或太難而無(wú)法直接觀(guān)察到的東西。
too…to太……而不能／而沒(méi)有
eg：He is too angry to speak．他太生氣了，以致說(shuō)不出話(huà)。
He went too late to see her．他去得太晚了而沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她。
但是，該句型有時(shí)卻不表示否定，而表示肯定，有以下三種情況：
(1)如果too后為glad，pleased，happy，eager，anxious，willing，ready(甘心的、情愿的)，easy 等表示心情(情緒)的形容詞時(shí)，該句型表示肯定意義，這時(shí)too相當于very。
eg：Mary is too willing to study Chinese．
瑪麗很愿意學(xué)習漢語(yǔ)。
The old man is too easy to get angry．
那個(gè)老頭很容易生氣。
(2)當too前有副詞only，but，a11修飾時(shí)，該句型也表示肯定意義。這時(shí)only(but，a11)too相當于very very，語(yǔ)氣較強。
eg：I shall be only too pleased to come．我將非常高興來(lái)。
We are but too glad to do s0．我們非常愿意這樣做。
(3)如果too前有否定詞never，not，即never／not too…to…的形式；或不定式前有not時(shí)，即too…not to do的形式，均表示肯定意義。
eg：This lesson is not too hard to understand．
這一節不太難，容易理解。
You are too clever not to learn English well．
你很聰明，能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。
練習： He is_____ careless _______ find out all the errors in the composition．
A．too；to B．very；to
C．much；to D．rather；to A
Grammar
一 不定式的用法
不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構成其否定形式是"not to do”。
不定式可以帶賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構成不定式短語(yǔ)，
沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。
to do 一般式
不定式的主動(dòng)式有 to have done 完成式
to be doing 進(jìn)行式
被動(dòng)式最常用的是 to be done。
不定式的用法主要有：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ),但不能作謂語(yǔ)。
1.作主語(yǔ)：不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后，用it作形式主語(yǔ)。 例：To see is to believe．
It is right to give up smoking．
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
It is important for us to learn English well.
It is kind of you to help me so much.
注意：
要想說(shuō)明不定式的動(dòng)作是由誰(shuí)發(fā)出，可在不定式前加for sb.；但如果是形容詞
careless, clever, foolish, good, impolite, kind, nice, silly, stupid 等作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用of sb.
2.作賓語(yǔ)：不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式賓語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。
eg：e wanted to go．
I find it interesting to work with him．
Most of them don't know how to solve the problem.
You can decide whether to stay at home or play football.
注意：
有些動(dòng)詞后如：know, decide, find out, show, learn, teach, tell, wonder 常用 動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式 的形式。
3.作定語(yǔ): 一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。
eg：I have some books for you to read．
注意：
(1)作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式
動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。
eg：He is looking for a room to live in．
There is nothing to worry about．
Please give me a knife to cut with．
但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介詞習慣上要省去。
eg：He had no money and no place to live．
(2)當作定語(yǔ)的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：
(1)Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎?
(不定式to send的動(dòng)作執行者是you)
②Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或別人)寄的東西嗎?
(不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
4.作狀語(yǔ): 表示目的、原因、結果或條件
eg：I came here to see you．(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．(原因)
He hurried to the school only to find nobody there．(only to…常表示未曾料到的結果)
To look at him，you would like him．(條件)
注意：
目的狀語(yǔ)還可以用in order to或so as to來(lái)表示。
eg：In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard.
We ran all the way so as not to be late．
(2)不定式也可在作表語(yǔ)用的形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)。
eg：I am very glad to hear it．
he question is difficult to answer．
(3)“too+形容詞或副詞+不定式”也作狀語(yǔ)。
eg：He is too old to do that．
另外句子中有enough這個(gè)詞時(shí)，常用不定式作狀語(yǔ)。
eg： The room is big enough to hold us．
5.作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)
eg：He asked me to do the work with him．
(1)在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，let，
make等詞后的補足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to，但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結構時(shí)，就必須帶to。
eg: I often hear him sing the song．
He is often heard to sing the song．
(2)動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí),如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。
eg：She could do nothing but cry．
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go．
6.作表語(yǔ)
eg：My job is to help the patient．
7.作獨立成分
eg： To tell the truth，I don't agree with you．
8.不定式與疑問(wèn)詞who，which，when，where，how，what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。
eg：He didn't know what to say．(賓語(yǔ))
How to solve the problem is very important．(主語(yǔ))
My question is when to start．(表語(yǔ))
二 不定式的省略
在一定的語(yǔ)境中，為了避免重復，在某些詞語(yǔ)的后面不定式可省略，但不定式to通常不能省略。
1. 形容詞后不定式的省略。這類(lèi)形容詞有：happy，gIad，ready，eager，anxious等。
如：I’ ll be away on a business trip．Would you mind looking after my cat?
Not at all。I’ d be happy to．
2. 賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)中不定式的省略。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有lagk，teIl，order，persuade，advise，wish，permit，allow等。
如：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to．
3. 動(dòng)詞后不定式的省略。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：like，love，hope，wish，mean，want，refuse，try，advise，persuade等。
如： Will you go to the theatre，Miss Brown?
Sorry．I don want to．
4. 在某些固定用法，如：ought to，have to，used to，be able to，be going to等后也可省略不定式。
如：一Alice，why didn’t you come yesterday?
一1 was going to，but I had an unexpected visitor．
注意：
有些動(dòng)詞后既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞，但含義不同。試比較：
go on doing sth．繼續干同一件事
go on to do sth．接著(zhù)干另外一件事
stop doing sth．停止干某事
stop to do sth．停下來(lái)去干某事
forget doing sth．忘記已干了某事
forget to d0 sth．忘記要干某事
remember doing sth．記得已經(jīng)干了某事
remember to do sth．記住要干某事
try doing sth．試著(zhù)干某事
try to do sth．設法干某事
mean doing sth．意味著(zhù)干某事
mean to do sth．打算干某事
cant help doing sth．禁不住干某事
can't help(to)to sth．不能幫助干某事
regret doing sth．后悔干了某事
regret to do sth．因要做某事而感到遺憾
◇例題解析
1. She can’t help _______the house because she’s busy making a cake．
A．to clean B．cleaning
c．cleaned D．being cleaned (上海高考題)
[解析] 考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)。但不可因為思雛定勢的影響而選擇了B項。can’t help cleaning的意思是“忍不住要打掃”。與下文矛盾。本句句意是：她不能幫忙打掃房子，因為她忙于做蛋糕。can't help(to)do stll．表示“不能幫忙做某事”。[答案] A
2. When I handed the report to John，he said that George was the person______．(上海高考題)
A．to send B．for sending
C．to send it to D．for sending it to
[解析] 賓語(yǔ)從句還原則完成了send the report(it)to the person。當它變成不定式作定語(yǔ)則成了the person to send it(the report)to。 for 引導的短語(yǔ)不可作定語(yǔ)。[答案] C
3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，______ it more difficult．
A．not make B．not to make
C．not making D．do not make (全國高考題)
[解析] 所缺部分作目的狀語(yǔ)：(目的是)使生活變得更容易。再根據一致原則，前面用不定式作表語(yǔ)，后面也應用不定式 作表語(yǔ)。[答案] B
4. Wang Tao was made_______ the dishes for a week as a punishment．
A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．to be washing
[解析] 不定式在使役動(dòng)詞 make 后作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)時(shí)不帶to，但如果make變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不定式就成了主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)，就須加上to。 [答案】 A
5. The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to________.
A．sit B．sit on
C．be sat D．be sat on (全國高考題)
[解析] 不定式to sit on用作狀語(yǔ)，要用主動(dòng)形式。sit為不及物動(dòng)詞，故應加上一個(gè)介詞on。[答案] B
6. 一--The light in the office is still on．
一-- 0h，I forgot_______．
A．turning it off B．turn it off
C．to turn it off D．having turned it off (全國高考題)
[解析] “我忘了關(guān)燈”，“關(guān)燈”這個(gè)動(dòng)作并未發(fā)生.[答案] C
7. 一You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting．
一 Well, now I regret_________ that．
A．t0 d0 B．to be doing
C．to have done D．having done (全國高考題)
[解析] “我現在后悔在會(huì )上提反對意見(jiàn)了”，可見(jiàn)“提意見(jiàn)”的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生。[答案] D
8. 一 I usually go there by train．
一 Why not______ by boat for a change?
A. to going B．trying to go ‘
c. to try and go D．try going (全國高考題)
[解析] 對方建議為什么不換一種方式，乘船試一試。[答案] D
9.In some parts of London，missing a bus means______ for another hour．(2002年上海春季高考題)
A．waiting B．to wait
C．wait D．to be waiting
[解析] mean doing sth．表示“意思是／意味著(zhù)……”之意。[答案]A
10. We agreed______ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet．
A．having met B．meeting
C．to meet D．to have met (全國高考題)
[解析] agree后要求接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。[答案] C
11. Little Jim should 1ove________to the theatre this evening．
A．to be taken B．to take
C．being taken D. taking (全國高考題)
[解析] would like／love 后只接不定式，一般不能接動(dòng)名詞。Jim 和take 間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。[答案] A
12. He gave me this strange object for my birthday and I don't know_______.
A．it what to do with B．what to do it with
C．what to do with it D．to do what with it
[解析] 該題考查名詞詞組作用的“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”的用法。根據句意和結構，空白處應填“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結構，作know的賓語(yǔ)。do with 在此意為“利用”、“使用”。[答案] c
13. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us
has a role_______ in making the earth a better place to live．
A．to have played B．to play
C．to be played D．to be playing(2003年上海春招題)
[解析] 本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)的用法。這里是不定式作定語(yǔ)，修飾a role。但要注意不定式的不同形式表達不同含義。to have played表示完成；to be playing表示進(jìn)行;play表示將來(lái)；to be played表被動(dòng)關(guān)系。根據句意“她會(huì )告訴我們?yōu)槭裁此@樣強烈地感覺(jué)到：在使地球成為更美好的居住地中，我們每個(gè)人起到一定作用�！笔潜硎緦�(lái)。
再者要注意當動(dòng)詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句子主語(yǔ)為主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式用其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意思，故排除c項。由題干從句中時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)看，為一般現在時(shí)(has arole)，故此處表示“起作用”，并非已完成的動(dòng)作或正在起作用，故排除A、D兩項。[答案] B