從一道高考題談find 復合結構的用法
浙江省奉化中學(xué) 吳亞翠
請看2003年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統一考生試題中的第22題:
. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
這道題的正確答案是B。做這道題時(shí),我們可以先把從句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):…(sb.) find him smoking in the kitchen. 從主動(dòng)形式中我們可明顯地看出find后跟了復合賓語(yǔ),即賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。 smoking補充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)him, 因賓語(yǔ)him與賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)smoking有主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用動(dòng)詞的doing形式, doing結構表示與賓語(yǔ)有主動(dòng)關(guān)系,又有進(jìn)行的含意。
find跟復合結構在中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常出現,下面結合教材,把常見(jiàn)的“find+復合賓語(yǔ)”句型作一歸納。此類(lèi)句型主要的有七種:
一、 find + 賓語(yǔ)+分詞
1. In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely changed. (SBII A Unit 11 Hurricane)
早上人們一醒來(lái)就發(fā)現房屋外邊的世界完全變了。
2. I entered the room and found the window broken.
我走進(jìn)房間就發(fā)現窗戶(hù)被打破了。
3. They went out and found the bridge washed away by the flood,
他們走出來(lái)就發(fā)現橋梁被洪水沖走了。
4. On arriving at the station, he found his wife waiting to meeting him.
他一到車(chē)站就發(fā)現他的妻子在等著(zhù)迎接他。
5. Crusoe found the savages eating something.
克魯索發(fā)現野人在吃東西。
注意:find+sb/sth+doing/done, doing表示與賓語(yǔ)有主動(dòng)關(guān)系。而done與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
二、 find +賓語(yǔ) +介詞(短語(yǔ))
1. She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train. (SBII B Unit 18 We’ve lost our dad!)
她只走過(guò)幾節車(chē)廂就發(fā)現自己已來(lái)到列車(chē)的前部。
2. He found the ship out of sight.
他發(fā)現船已看不見(jiàn)了。
3. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
使她驚奇的是他來(lái)到了另外的一個(gè)世界。
4. I hope to find you in better health when we meet again.
我希望下次見(jiàn)面時(shí),你的健康會(huì )更好一些。
三、 find +形式賓語(yǔ)(it)+形容詞/名詞+不定式
1. When Germany was ruled by Hitler in the early 1930s Einstein, who was a Jew, found it impossible to continue living in Germany.(SBII B Unit 13 Albert Einstein)
在20世紀30年代初期,希特勒統治德國時(shí)候,愛(ài)因斯坦是個(gè)尤太人,他發(fā)現他不能在德國生活下去了。
2. In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia.( SBI B Unit 21 Karl Marx)
在19世紀70年代,馬克思已經(jīng)五十多歲了,他覺(jué)得研究俄國的形勢很重要。
3. Do you find it a hard job to end the fighting?
你覺(jué)得結束這場(chǎng)戰爭是一件很難的工作嗎?
4. I found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.
我發(fā)現離開(kāi)德國去美國是不可能的。
四、 find +賓語(yǔ)+不定式
1. They found Australia to be an astonishing land where the soil was red,…(SBIII A Unit 2 Captain Cook)
他們發(fā)現澳大利亞是個(gè)令人驚奇的地方,那里的土壤是紅色的…
2. He told me he found the fact to be true.
他告訴我,他發(fā)現這個(gè)事實(shí)是真的。
3. We found him to be honest.
我們覺(jué)得他是誠實(shí)的
五、 find+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞
1. …but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn. (SBI B Unit 21 Karl Marx)
但是我覺(jué)得習慣用語(yǔ)和有用的短語(yǔ)很難學(xué)。
2. I also thought that I would make lots of new friends. However, I find it hard. (SBI A Unit 14 Mainly revision)
我也想我會(huì )交很多新朋友?墒,我覺(jué)得這很難。
3. –How did you find the talk this morning?
-Very disappointing.(SBIII A Unit1 Madame Curie)
-你覺(jué)得今天早上的報告怎樣?
-非常令人失望。
4. I found the question hard to answer.
我覺(jué)得這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。
5. I find the text easy to read.
我覺(jué)得這篇課文容易讀。
六、 find +賓語(yǔ)+名詞
1. I found her an honest girl.
我覺(jué)得她是個(gè)誠實(shí)的女孩。
2. I found your little sister a clever girl.
我發(fā)現你的小妹妹是個(gè)聰明的女孩。
七、 find + 賓語(yǔ)+副詞
1. When I entered the room, I found him out.
當我進(jìn)房時(shí),我發(fā)現他已出去。
2. I found the lights on all through the night.
我發(fā)現這些燈通宵地亮著(zhù)。
3. When he arrived, he found the meeting over.
當他來(lái)的時(shí)候,他發(fā)現會(huì )議已結束。
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