作者：李國勤

定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)句法的重要內容之一,所以該語(yǔ)法項目是整個(gè)高中階段,同時(shí)也是高考的重要考點(diǎn)之一。本文給大家介紹一下定語(yǔ)從句單項填空題的解題方法。

一、 依據先行詞所表達的內容和引導詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所擔當的句子成分來(lái)確定選項。

例1. I always remember the days ________ I was taken good care of in the hospital.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

分析:句子意思是:我永遠都記著(zhù)我在醫院里受到很好照料的那些日子。先行詞the days是表示時(shí)間的。限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的先行詞,如果關(guān)聯(lián)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導定語(yǔ)從句。

例2. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town________ he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when

分析:句子意思是:在巴黎住了50 年之后他又回到了他小時(shí)候長(cháng)大的小鎮。因為先行詞the small town表示地點(diǎn),關(guān)聯(lián)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以應當選B。

二、 注意句子中逗號的語(yǔ)法作用。

例1. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

分析:句子意思是:眾所周知,月球每個(gè)月繞地球轉一圈。句子中逗號說(shuō)明這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。能夠引導非限制性定語(yǔ)從句、代表整個(gè)主句內容且能夠放在句首的關(guān)聯(lián)詞只有as,所以應當選B。

例2. She washed clothes this morning, ________ hadn't been washed for a week.

A. these B. those C. that D. which

分析:句子中逗號說(shuō)明這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。四個(gè)選項中能夠引導非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的只有D。

三、 認定該題所考查的內容,觀(guān)察所給的選項,依據語(yǔ)法規則選出最佳答案。

例: The doctor ________ is leaving for Africa next month.

A. the nurse is talking to him

B. whom the nurse is talking

C. the nurse is talking to

D. who the nurse is talking

分析:句子意思是:正和護士談話(huà)的那位醫生下個(gè)月要去非洲。觀(guān)察所給的四個(gè)選項,可以看出它們都是完整的句子。根據本題所考查的內容,最佳答案應當是修飾先行詞The doctor的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。依據定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)法規則,首先排除A, 因為him是多余的; whom the nurse is talking和 who the nurse is talking兩個(gè)選項中都缺少"to",所以也被排除掉。只有C (whom / who被省略了) the nurse is talking to是唯一正確的答案。

四、 依據先行詞來(lái)選擇"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的結構。

例1. Is this the factory ________ your father once worked?

A. at where B. which

C. in which D. that

分析:句子意思是:這就是你父親工作過(guò)的工廠(chǎng)嗎?先行詞the factory在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ), 所以應當選C, in which相當于where。

例2. Whenever I meet with difficulty in my English study, Mr. Lee is the person ________ I turn for help.

A. that B. who

C. from whom D. to whom

分析:在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞"turn to"是固定的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這個(gè)句子也可以寫(xiě)成: Whenever I meet with difficulty in my English Study, Mr Lee is the person(who / whom) I turn to for help. 所以應當選D。

五、注意先行詞的特殊性和關(guān)系代詞的選擇。

例1. All ________ I need is an English-Chinese dictionary.

A. as B. that C. what D. which

分析:句子意思是:我所需要的就是一本《英漢詞典》。先行詞為all或先行詞被all等詞修飾時(shí),限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用關(guān)系代詞that引導,所以本題應當選B。又如:

There is not much that can be done now. 現在沒(méi)有太多的事情可做。

I've read all the books that were borrowed from the library. 我把從圖書(shū)館借的書(shū)都看完了。

That white flower is the only one that I really like. 那朵白花是我唯一真正喜歡的花。

例2. This is the first composition ________ I've written in English.

A. that B. which C. what D. as

分析:句子意思是:這是我用英文寫(xiě)的第一篇作文。先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí),限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用關(guān)系代詞that引導,所以本題應當選A。又如:

This is the best novel (that) I've ever read. 這是我讀過(guò)的最好小說(shuō)。