作者：羅成勇 何文元

單項填空題是高考的一個(gè)題型,分值占整個(gè)卷面的10%,有的考生由于沒(méi)有掌握解題技巧,單項填空題失分不少。如今單項填空題一般不是考查"純語(yǔ)法"或"純詞匯",而是在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中考查考生綜合運用語(yǔ)言的能力。本文結合近幾年來(lái)的高考題,著(zhù)重談?wù)剢雾椞羁疹}中常見(jiàn)的"難題"解題技巧。以期對同學(xué)們的學(xué)習有所幫助。

難點(diǎn)之一:考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),不給出明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

解題技巧:認真分析上下文語(yǔ)境,確定動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)

高考單項填空題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),往往句子中沒(méi)有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),要靠對上下文語(yǔ)言環(huán)境的分析,才能搞清句子的時(shí)態(tài)。高考題中對動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查常采用這種形式。例如:

He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ________ her somewhere.

A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen

析:此題答案為D。題干句意為:"他一直打量著(zhù)她,想知道是否在什么地方見(jiàn)到過(guò)她",其中,"kept"用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),"是否見(jiàn)過(guò)"應是發(fā)生在"打量"之前,從時(shí)間上講,是過(guò)去的過(guò)去,故要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。又如:

-George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

-No. I ________ . Did they have a big wedding?

A. was not invited B. have not been invited

C. hadn't been invited D. didn't invite

析:此題答案選C。"上周結婚"和"參加婚禮"都是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,我沒(méi)有參加是因為我沒(méi)有受到邀請,故"邀請"的動(dòng)作應是在此之前的,即,"過(guò)去的過(guò)去",因此,應用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。

難點(diǎn)之二:把短語(yǔ)和固定搭配中的某個(gè)成分"置換"出來(lái),構成"迷霧"

解題技巧:把位置還原,看清本質(zhì)

在做單項填空題時(shí),由于句型轉換或其它原因,使短語(yǔ)或固定搭配中的某個(gè)成分離開(kāi)了原來(lái)的位置,從而使該短語(yǔ)或固定搭配不易辨認出。例如:

In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.

A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

析:此答案選D。實(shí)際上是考查turn to sb. for help(求助于某人),這里sb.就是題干中的person,且前置作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,分析時(shí)不妨還原,便可看出本質(zhì)。

難點(diǎn)之三:省略句子的某個(gè)成分,從而增加了試題難度

解題技巧:明確省略成分,補全句子看清真面目

________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare B. When comparing

C. Comparing D. When compared

析:此題應選D。本題考查when之后非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的掌握情況。其中,對when一詞用法的判斷是解題的關(guān)鍵。when(或其它詞,如while, since, once等)引導狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,且從句謂語(yǔ)部分含有be時(shí),可把從句的主語(yǔ)和be一起省略。本題干中在when后省略了it is。即,when it is compared with the size of the whole earth...又如:

The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

析:本題在once之后省略了it is,很明顯,此處應用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故答案應選D。

難點(diǎn)之四:在一定的上下文中考查冠詞和代詞的應用

解題技巧:準確理解句子的實(shí)際含義(即,準確翻譯句子)

Jumping out of ________ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ________ exciting experience.

A. 不填;the B. 不填;an C. an; an D. the; the

析:本句子意為:從一萬(wàn)英尺高的一架飛機上跳下來(lái)是一次令人非常興奮的經(jīng)歷。這里的"一架"、"一次"不能理解為"那架"、"那次"。因此,要用不定冠詞。故答案選C。又如:

Few pleasures can equal ________ of a cool drink on a hot day.

A. some B. any C. that D. those

析:本題很多考生易誤選D,這主要是受前面pleasures的影響。而句子的實(shí)際含義為:幾乎沒(méi)有樂(lè )趣能與炎熱夏天的一杯涼爽飲料相比。這里"夏天的一杯涼爽的飲料帶來(lái)的樂(lè )趣"當然是"一種",故用that,而不用those。

難點(diǎn)之五:利用插入語(yǔ)使句子結構變復雜,以此"迷惑"考生

解題技巧:去掉插入語(yǔ),理順句子結構,從而透視本來(lái)面目

E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play

析:本題在主語(yǔ)(E-mail)之后加了一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)(as well as telephones),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應與句子主語(yǔ)(E-mail)一致,所以,動(dòng)詞要用單數,只有答案A正確。

難點(diǎn)之六:利用語(yǔ)境考查語(yǔ)言知識的應用,沒(méi)有明顯的提示

解題技巧:認真領(lǐng)會(huì )上下文,找準"信息點(diǎn)"(或"提示句 / 詞")

-Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

-Sorry, I am not sure. But it ________ be.

A. might B. will C. must D. can

析:根據答語(yǔ)中的I am not sure,說(shuō)明把握不大,故答案為A。這里I am not sure就是一個(gè)重要的信息。又如:

________ straight on and you'll see a church. You won't miss it.

A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going

析:題干中有連詞and引導的一個(gè)句子,所以不能選C、D,在英語(yǔ)里面,"祈使句+and / or+陳述句"是一常用句型,故答案選A。