全面掃描
類(lèi)別 新 課 標 要 求
重
點(diǎn)
單
詞 strait islander fellow criminal governor resemble
diverse transform immigrant strengthen differ pronunciation vocabulary female concept chew chairwoman entire mine fence outdoors birthplace outing lemonade barbecue roast steak barrier pointed claw hairy medium bushy procedure rose strawberry lemon bunch merely herb classify identification male promote botanical privilege cosy appetite wealth appoint calculate astronomy expense cocoa enterprise settlement accumulate abandon straw pineapple tone reward technician nowhere altogether appearance output latter distinguish millimeter
重
點(diǎn)
短
語(yǔ)
1. be made up of 由……組成
2. stand for 代表
3. as a consequence of 作為……的結果
4. benefit from 受益于;獲益于
5. transfer…into… 把……轉變成
6. differ from sb./ sth. in 在……與……不同
7. break out 突然發(fā)生
8. feed…on 喂養；飼養
9. round up 使集合在一起
10. give birth to 生；產(chǎn)生；
造成……的原因
11.make attempts to do sth 企圖嘗試做某事
12. at first sight 乍一看
13. have an appetite for 愛(ài)好;對……有胃口
14. on a large scale 大規模地
15. be involved in 涉及;參與
16. at one’s own expense 自費
17. in detail 詳細地
18. name…after 命名
19. pass away 逝世，去世
20 set foot on/in 進(jìn)入；踏上
21.have an influence on/ upon
對……有影響
語(yǔ)
法 1. 復習表語(yǔ)。
2. 復習賓語(yǔ)。
重
點(diǎn)
句
型 1. It was not until the 1960s that the Australian government came to realize the importance of passing laws to strengthen the rights of the “first Australians”. 直到二十世紀六十年代政府才意識到通過(guò)法律以加強“最早的澳大利亞人”的權力的重要性。
2. Only in this way could the people in Australia build a society of diverse culture.只有這樣澳大利亞的人們才能建立有著(zhù)多種不同文化的社會(huì )。
3. In area it is approximately the same size as the USA, which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people. 澳大利亞的面積約相當于美國，而美國的人口卻是澳大利亞的14倍多。
4. However, Turesson’s findings show that habitat, such as soil conditions, is of equal importance to the output of crops. 然而杜爾松的調查研究結果卻表明，生長(cháng)地的情況，如生長(cháng)地的土壤條件，對糧食農作物產(chǎn)量具有同樣重要的意義。
重點(diǎn)突破
1. Modern Australia is made up of six states and two territories�，F代澳大利亞是由六個(gè)州和兩大塊組成的。
1）be made up of 由……組成，是make up 的被動(dòng)形式。make up 組成, 構成; 捏造, 虛構; 化妝; 彌補
Society is made up of people of widely different abilities. 社會(huì )是由能力迥異的人組成的。
I couldn’t remember a story to tell the children, so I made one up as I went along. 我想不出什么故事可給孩子講了，只好現編現講。
She is always very heavily made up. 她總是濃妝艷抹。
Her beauty can’t make up her stupidity.
她的美麗不能彌補她的愚蠢。
【溫故知新】
由make構成的詞組有：
make for 走向；有助于……；為……而制造
make fun of 取笑
make the best of 充分利用
make sure 確定；確保
be made of 由……制成（看得出原材料）
be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
be made in 在……制造
be made into 被……制成
make up one’s mind 下決心
make …out of…… 用……制成……
用適當的單詞填空：
⑴Animal bodies are made up of cells.
動(dòng)物的身體是由細胞構成的。
⑵Cloth is made from cotton.
布是用棉花織的。
⑶Early rising makes for good health.
早起有助于健康。
⑷The table is made of wood.
這個(gè)桌子是由木頭做的。
⑸This kind of machines is made in China.
這種機器是中國制造的。
⑹I can’t make up my mind which to choose?
我拿不定主意該選擇哪一個(gè)？
⑺How time flies! We must make the best of it.
時(shí)間過(guò)得真快呀！我們必須充分利用它。
⑻He made a great fortune out of oil.
他靠石油發(fā)了大財。
⑼Sour grapes are made into raisins.
酸葡萄被做成葡萄干。
⑽It’s impolite to make fun of the disabled.
嘲笑殘疾人是不禮貌的。
2. Six of the points represent the states and the seventh stands for all the territories.
1) represent vt. 代表；象征；表現
representation n. 代表；代表團；代理
representative adj. 代表性的；
n. 代表；代理人
represent sth. to oneself 把……描繪成
represent oneself as 聲稱(chēng)自己是……
The dove represents peace. 鴿子象征著(zhù)和平。
The man represents himself as an expert.
這人自稱(chēng)是專(zhuān)家。
2) stand for 代表；象征；支持；主張；容忍
PRC stands for People’s Republic of China.
PRC代表中華人民共和國。
He can’t stand for those who put on airs.
他不能容忍擺架子的人。
【能力拓展】
選擇正確的單詞填空。
⑴What do the letters UN stand for?
UN這兩個(gè)字母代表什么？
⑵She represented herself as his wife.
她自稱(chēng)是他的妻子。
⑶We stand for self-reliance.
我們主張自力更生。
⑷How many countries are represented at the conference?
有多少個(gè)國家的代表出席那次會(huì )議？
★注意：在指甲代表乙時(shí)，stand for 不能代替represent，在表示簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)代表全稱(chēng)時(shí)一般用stand for而不用represent。
3. In 1770, Captain James Cook claimed the east coast of the continent for the British Crown. 1770年，詹姆斯庫克船長(cháng)聲稱(chēng)這塊大陸海岸屬于不列顛王國。
1）vt. & n.要求；聲稱(chēng)；主張；提出要求
claim on/for sth. 要求；索��；宣稱(chēng)
lay claim to sth. 聲稱(chēng)對…的權利，自稱(chēng)
claim sth. back 要回某物；索回
There is no organization claiming responsibility for the London subway attack.
沒(méi)有任何組織聲稱(chēng)對倫敦地鐵遭受襲擊負責。
You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged. 如果貨物有損壞，可以要求退錢(qián)。
4. As a consequence, the original Australians suffered.
結果，原來(lái)的澳大利亞人吃盡苦頭。
1)as a consequence 因此；結果; 因為……，相當于as a result/ in consequence。as a consequence短語(yǔ)通常用作狀語(yǔ)，位于句首時(shí)往往有逗號隔開(kāi)；也可位于句末；而as a result一般位于句首。
As a consequence o f tsunami, millions of people lost their homes in Indonesia.
由于海嘯，印度尼西亞上百萬(wàn)人失去家園。
As a consequence, some students think that learning a foreign language is slow and difficult. 因此，有的學(xué)生認為學(xué)習外語(yǔ)又難又慢。
Lu Hao, Lin Ying and Meng Yu are all helping to make
other people’s lives better, and have found their own lives
enriched as a consequence. （U15，BⅢ）
劉皓、林瑛和孟玉都在幫助別人改善生活，結果發(fā)現他們自己的生活也變得豐富了。
as a consequence of＝as a result of 作為……結果
As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.
他由于怠惰而被解雇。
【溫故知新】
because of due to thanks to for the sake of
as a consequence of＝as a result of
這幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)都有“因為、由于”的意思，但應注意意義上的區別。
because of＝due to在句子中都可做表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，可在句首也可在句末。
That’s because of / due to hard work--ten years of hard work.
那是由于繁重的工作，十年繁重的工作 （U15,BⅠ）
Due to/Because of the change, a scheduled visit to a factory
has been put off.
因為變化，原定對一工廠(chǎng)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)推遲了。
Her illness was due to bad food.
她的病是變質(zhì)的食物造成的。
thanks to做狀語(yǔ)只能位于句首，常帶有感情色彩。
Thanks to the help of tens of thousands of PLA soldiers, many large areas were saved from flooding.
多虧成千上萬(wàn)解放軍戰士的幫助，大量的農田才免受澇災。 （U8，BⅢ）
It was thanks to your timely help that we accomplished the task on time. 幸虧你及時(shí)幫忙，我們才按時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。
for the sake of 更趨向于目的，多帶褒義。
He bought a house in the country for (the sake of) his wife’s health.
他在鄉下買(mǎi)了房子是由于(為了)他妻子的健康。
as a result of著(zhù)重強調某件事后所產(chǎn)生的后果，而不在某件事情的本身，語(yǔ)氣比because of 強，多見(jiàn)于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。
As a result of the movement of these plates, west America, near the sea, has always been a bad place for earthquake.
由于這些板塊的運動(dòng)，美國西海岸總是地震的多發(fā)地區。 （U4，BⅠ）
5.The First World War had a strong influence on Australia. 第一次世界大戰對澳大利亞有強烈的影響。
influence n. & vt. 影響
have an influence on/ upon 對……有影響
The life in the countryside had an influence on her career.
農村生活對他的事業(yè)有影響。
His parents have a strong influence on his character.
他的父母對他的性格有著(zhù)很大的影響。
【能力拓展】
用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
effect influence result
⑴She had a high fever when she was only six years old. As a result, she became deaf.
六歲時(shí)她發(fā)了一次高燒。結果她變聾了。
⑵Heredity (遺傳) and environment are influences on character. 遺傳和環(huán)境是影響性格的因素。
⑶The medicine had no effect/influence on him. 這藥對他無(wú)效。
⑷Climate influences plants and animals.
氣候對動(dòng)植物都有影響。
⑸A word from the teacher will have a great effect /influence on my son. 老師的話(huà)對我兒子很有影響。
【溫故知新】
1. result 指由于直接或間接原因、近因或遠因索引起的兩件事之間的因果關(guān)系。
2. effect 該詞是指所造成的預期的結果、效果、效力、作用等，后接介詞on。
3. influence 著(zhù)重指對人或物起某種作用或影響，即可以指好的，也可以指不良的影響。
6.After the Second World War, Australia began to transform itself into the modern country it is today.
第二次世界大戰之后，澳大利亞才開(kāi)始把自己轉變成今天這樣的現代化國家。
transform vt. 轉變，使轉化，使改觀(guān)，使變換
transform sth./ sb. into 把……變成
transform sth./ sb. from 從……中轉變
The magician transformed the man into a rabbit.
魔術(shù)師把那個(gè)人變成了兔子。
We transformed him from an enemy into a friend.
我們將他化敵為友。
7.Australian English differs in pronunciation from British and American English…. 澳洲英語(yǔ)在發(fā)音上不同于英國英語(yǔ)和美國英語(yǔ)。
1)differ vi. differ from “不同于;與……有差異”,在哪方面不同常與 in連用。
The two cars differ in color but not in size.
這兩輛車(chē)的顏色不同，大小卻一樣。
The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ in character. 這對孿生兄弟外貌相象，但性格卻不同。
2)different adj. 不同的；有區別的
be different from 與……不同
City life is very different from country life.
城市生活與鄉村生活是非常不同的。
My opinion is different from yours on this point.
在這點(diǎn)上我跟你的意見(jiàn)不一樣。
3)difference n. 不同；差異；分歧
常用的結構有：
make a difference 產(chǎn)生差別；起重要作用
make no difference 不起作用；沒(méi)有意義
It’s easy to tell the difference between sugar and salt.
區別糖和鹽是很容易的。
It makes no difference to me whether he will come or not.
他是否來(lái)對我來(lái)說(shuō)無(wú)所謂。
8.It was not until the 1960s that the Australian government came to realize the importance of passing laws to strengthen the rights of the “first Australians”. 直到二十世紀六十年代政府才意識到通過(guò)法律以加強“最早的澳大利亞人”的權力的重要性。
1)這是一個(gè)not…until…的強調句型。Not…until…結構在強調句型中的結構為“It is / was not until…that…”，有時(shí)經(jīng)常放在句首用以強調。
The class didn’t begin until he came in.
→It was not until he came in that the class began．
→Not until he came in did the class begin.
直到他進(jìn)來(lái)才開(kāi)始上課。
【點(diǎn)擊高考】
⑴It was not until she got home ____ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. （2006 全國）
A. when B. that C. should D. can
【題解】正確答案為B；意思是：Jennifer到家時(shí)才意識到她把鑰匙丟了。
⑵It wasn’t until nearly a month later I received the manager’s reply. （2005全國）
A. since B. when C. as D. that
【題解】正確答案為D；一個(gè)月后我才得到經(jīng)理的答復。
9. One strange animal lays eggs, yet feeds its young on its milk. 有種動(dòng)物很奇怪，會(huì )生蛋又給它的幼崽喂奶。
1) lay 放；擱；下蛋；鋪設
You’d better lay your novels on the shelf.
最好把你的小說(shuō)放在書(shū)架上。
容易混淆的幾個(gè)詞：
原形 現在分詞 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞
lay -- laying -- laid -- laid 放；擱；下蛋；鋪設
lie -- lying -- lied -- lied 撒謊
lie -- lying -- lay -- lain 躺；位于
【能力拓展】
根據漢語(yǔ)選用適當的詞填空，注意詞型變化：
⑴Don’t believe him because he always lies to his mother.
不要相信他，因為他總是對他媽媽撒謊。
⑵On my way home, I found a wallet lying on the ground.
在回家的路上，我發(fā)現地上有一個(gè)錢(qián)包。
⑶Mother asked him to lay the table for dinner.
媽媽要他擺好餐具準備吃晚飯。
⑷There was an English –Chinese dictionary lying in the corner. It had lain there for a long time. 角落里有一本英漢詞典，放在那兒有很長(cháng)一段時(shí)間了。
2)feed…on 意思是“用……喂養”。
He feeds his little dog on milk. 他給小狗喂牛奶。
常見(jiàn)的用法有：
feed…to 把……喂給……
feed on 以……為食
feed up 給以充分營(yíng)養；厭煩
be fed up with 厭煩；對……不滿(mǎn)；不高興
feed with 用……喂；給……添加
【能力拓展】
用適當的介詞填空。
⑴The old man feeds on vegetables every day.
這位老人每天主要吃些蔬菜。
⑵I’m fed up with the speaker’s long and boring speech.
那個(gè)演講者冗長(cháng)乏味的演講讓我煩透了。
⑶Mother feeds the baby with a spoon.
媽媽用湯匙喂嬰兒。
⑷You must feed up to grow stronger.
你必須增加營(yíng)養，使身體長(cháng)得更強壯些。
⑸The farmer feeds grass to his cattle.
農民用草養牛。
10. In area it is approximately the same size as the USA, which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people. 澳大利亞的面積約相當于美國，而美國的人口卻是澳大利亞的14倍多。
表示倍數的句型一般有三種：
⑴A is + 倍數 + as + 形容詞/副詞的原級+ as B
⑵A is + 倍數 +形容詞/副詞的比較級+ than B
⑶A is + 倍數 + the size (height , width, length…)+ of B
The number of people in China is four times as many as that in that country. 中國的人口是那個(gè)國家的四倍。
The river is twice longer than that one.
這條河流比那條河流長(cháng)兩倍。
This room is five times the size of mine.
這個(gè)房間是我房間的五倍大。
[能力拓展]
⑴In area, Australia is approximately the same as the USA, which, however, has more than _____as Australia has.
A. as fourteen times many people
B. fourteen times as many people
C. fourteen times many as people
D. as many people fourteen times
【題解】B 多少倍數應位于as…as…結構之前，屬于前面提到的倍數句型之一。
⑵The newly-built bridge is ______ the old one.
A. four times the length of B. the length of four times
C. longer than four times D. as long as four times
【題解】A屬于前面提到的倍數句型之三，多少倍數應位于the length of…結構之前。
⑶At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _____Great Britain.
（2005上海）
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of
C. three times the size of D. three times as the size of
【題解】C屬于前面提到的倍數句型之三，多少倍數應位于the size of…結構之前。
⑷Americans eat ____vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (2002上海春 )
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
【題解】D 屬于前面提到的倍數句型之一。
11. Farmers in the middle of Australia are usually so large that farmers use motorbikes or helicopters for the task of rounding up the sheep or cattle. 澳洲中部的農場(chǎng)通常很廣闊，農場(chǎng)主要乘摩托車(chē)或駕駛直升飛機把牛羊圈集起來(lái)。
1) so…that 表“如此……以至”，引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句。
So修飾的是形容詞或副詞，因此常用于以下的搭配中：
⑴ so + adj./adv. + that clause
⑵ so +many/much / little(表數量) /few + n. + that clause
⑶ so + adj. + a (an)+ 單數可數名詞+that clause
⑷ so + adj./adv. 置于句首時(shí)要采用部分倒裝。
There are so many people here that I am not able to pick her out. 這兒有那么多人我不能認出她來(lái)。
It is so good a day that we don’t want to stay at home.
今天天氣真好，我們不想呆在家里。
So badly was he injured in the accident that he had to be sent to the nearest hospital.
他在事故中受傷嚴重，被立即送往最近的醫院治療。
2)注意與such…that…“如此……以至”的區別：
⑴ such + a (an) (+ adj.) + 單數可數名詞+ that clause.
⑵ such (+ adj.) + 復數名詞+ that clause.
⑶ such (+ adj.) + 不可數名詞+ that clause.
I made such a silly mistake that all my friends made fun of me.
我犯了一個(gè)如此愚蠢的錯誤以至我的朋友們都取笑我。
【能力拓展】
用such…that或so…that填空。
⑴He speaks English so well that he can communicate with foreigners without any difficulty. .
他的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得如此好以至能輕松地和外國人交流
⑵It was so hot a day that they decided to go swimming in the river. 天氣如此熱以至他們決定去河里游泳。
⑶He had so little education that it was difficult for him to work out the problem.
他只受過(guò)一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)教育，以至至他計算不出這道題。
⑷Badminton is such a popular game that many people like to play it. 羽毛球非常受人歡迎，以至許多人喜歡打。
⑸Mother was so angry that she walked out of the room.
媽媽如此生氣以至走出房間。
12. Her eldest son has been away from home ever since the war broke out.
自從戰爭爆發(fā)她的大兒子就離開(kāi)了家。
break out是不及物詞組，尤其指戰爭、火災、疾病等“突然爆發(fā)或發(fā)生”，break out沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式。
A big fire broke out in the hospital last night.
昨晚醫院發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火。
He was studying medicine in America when the war broke out. 戰爭爆發(fā)的時(shí)候，他正在美國學(xué)習醫學(xué)。
break構成的常用詞組有：
break down 分解；（計劃）失��；（機器）壞掉；
拋錨；（身體）垮掉
break up 驅散；結束；打碎；分解
break into 強行闖入；破門(mén)而入（vt.）
break in 插嘴；破門(mén)而入(vi.)
break through 突破，打通
break off 打斷；突然停止；中斷
break away from脫離；離開(kāi)；掙脫
【能力拓展】
用以下的詞組的正確形式填空。
break down break up break into break in
break through break off break away from
⑴The prisoner broke away from his guards while being taken to another prison.
那名囚犯在轉獄途中掙脫看守逃走了。
⑵The plan has broken down. 計劃失敗了。
⑶Don’t break in while others are speaking.
在別人講話(huà)的時(shí)候不要插嘴。
⑷The conference broke off at noon. 會(huì )議中午暫停。
⑸SARS broke out in China, and many people died.
中國發(fā)生了“非典”，有許多人死亡。
⑹Many people’s families in Iraq have been broken up by war. 伊拉克的許多家庭都被戰爭拆散了。
⑺The river broke through its banks, and flooded the country for many miles around.
河水決堤，淹沒(méi)了方圓許多里的鄉村。
13.Until then, mostly doctors and surgeons studied herbs. 到那時(shí)為止，內科外科醫生大都研究過(guò)草藥。
1) mostly adv. 主要地，大部分地
The people in flooded areas mostly rely on the government to help them.
災區的人主要依靠政府的幫助。
I spent my spare time mostly listening to music.
我業(yè)余時(shí)間大部分時(shí)間在聽(tīng)音樂(lè )。
【溫故知新】
most 作副詞時(shí)通常修飾最高級，其前面加定冠詞the；作形容詞時(shí)，意思是“大多數的”；作代詞時(shí)為“大多數”。如果在前面加a，表示“一個(gè)非�！�。
mostly副詞“主要地，大部分地”，修飾動(dòng)詞用作狀語(yǔ)。
almost 副詞，意思是“幾乎……”不與not直接連用，但能和none, no one, nothing, nobody等連用。
【能力拓展】
用所給的單詞填空。
most mostly almost
⑴Almost no one is willing to have a rest.
幾乎沒(méi)有一個(gè)人愿意休息。
⑵People present at the conference in Shanghai are mostly from Africa. 出席上海這次大會(huì )的人主要來(lái)自非洲。
⑶Most students like surfing the Internet and chatting.
大部分學(xué)生都喜歡上網(wǎng)聊天。
⑷Qingdao is a most beautiful city .
青島是一個(gè)非常漂亮的城市。
14. However, he was involved in enterprises such as the exploration of Africa and the settlement of Australia.
1)involve 及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“使卷入；使陷入；使專(zhuān)注” 。常構成句型：
involve sb./sth. in (doing) sth.
使某人/某物參與/卷入/陷入……；
be involved in “陷入；從事；忙于”
The students in Senior Grade Three are involved in preparing for the college entrance examination.
高三學(xué)生都在忙于準備高考。
Involved in serious trouble, he didn’t know whom he could turn to for help.
陷入麻煩中,他不知道該向誰(shuí)求助。
2) involved是過(guò)去分詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中語(yǔ)法中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)項目，也是高考的重點(diǎn)、必考點(diǎn)，過(guò)去分詞是考查熱點(diǎn)之一。過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作，可以作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補語(yǔ)等成分。
Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
如果植物得到更多關(guān)注，它們會(huì )生長(cháng)得更好。
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.
外國專(zhuān)家提出來(lái)的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。
Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. =Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.
盡管受到警告暴風(fēng)雨即將來(lái)臨，可是農民仍然還在地里工作。
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.
不要碰那個(gè)杯子，它是壞的。
3）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)應注意人稱(chēng)一致。狀語(yǔ)從句改為過(guò)去分詞有時(shí)還可保留連詞，構成“連詞+過(guò)去分詞”結構作狀語(yǔ)�！皐hile ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)＋過(guò)去分詞”結構。
Believed the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge.
相信地球是平的，許多人擔心哥倫布會(huì )從邊上掉下去。
When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.
當那個(gè)男孩被問(wèn)到為何來(lái)這里時(shí)，他沉默不語(yǔ)。
4) 有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結構。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（駐扎）；lost/absorbed in（沉于）；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿著(zhù)）；tired of （厭煩）be involved in (陷入；從事；忙于)。
Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
因沉迷于思考之中，所以他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音。
【能力拓展】
根據句意用下列詞組的正確形式填空。
be dressed in be located in be lost in
be caught in be seated be born in
⑴I was caught in a heavy rain on my way home.
在回家的路上， 我淋了一場(chǎng)大雨。
⑵Dressed in a white uniform, he looks like a cook.
穿著(zhù)白色的制服，他看起來(lái)像一個(gè)廚師。
⑶Our school is located in the suburb of the city.
我們的學(xué)校位于市郊。
⑷Lost in thought, I was nearly hit by a passing car.
沉迷于思考中，我差點(diǎn)被一輛經(jīng)過(guò)的汽車(chē)撞到。
⑸Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.
因出生在這個(gè)美麗的小鎮，他不愿意離開(kāi)它。
⑹Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父親坐在桌子旁討論我的工作問(wèn)題。
15.However, Turesson’s findings show that habitat, such as soil conditions, is of equal importance to the output of crops. 然而杜爾松的調查研究結果卻表明，生長(cháng)地的情況，如生長(cháng)地的土壤條件，對糧食農作物產(chǎn)量具有同樣重要的意義。
1)be + of + 抽象名詞 (importance, value, help, use, interest…)表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，相當于“主語(yǔ)+ be + 形容詞”， 名詞前可用great, little , much, no等修飾。
This kind of medicine is of no use to stomachache. = This
kind of medicine is useless to stomachache.
這種藥對胃痛沒(méi)有用。
2)be + of + …age/ color/ size/ height/ weight / shape/ kind/ type/ material 表示主語(yǔ)與其他事物在年齡、顏色、大小、高度、重量、形狀、種類(lèi)、材料等相同或不同。
The two children are of the same age. But they are quite different in character.
兩個(gè)小孩年紀一樣大，但是性格卻截然不同。
16. 英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的可以作表語(yǔ)的有：
⑴名詞 ⑵代詞 ⑶形容詞 ⑷介詞短語(yǔ) ⑸副詞 ⑹現在分詞 ⑺過(guò)去分詞 ⑻動(dòng)名詞
⑼不定式 ⑽從句
【點(diǎn)擊高考】
⑴See the flags on top of the building? That was ____we did this morning. (2006全國)
A. when B. which C. where D. what
【題解】D正確。What引導表語(yǔ)從句，在句中作did的賓語(yǔ)。
⑵You can see stars on a clear night, but in the daytime they are _____. (2006上海)
A. unavoidable B. invisible
C. inaccessible D. unavailable
【題解】B正確。invisible看不見(jiàn)的，形容詞作表語(yǔ)。 unavoidable不能避免的；inaccessible 達不到的，進(jìn)不去的；unavailable 沒(méi)用的，沒(méi)有效果的。根據意思B正確。
⑶Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _____it was 20 years ago, ____, it was so poorly equipped. (2005安徽)
A. what; when B. that; which
C. what; which D. which; that
【題解】A正確。What引導表語(yǔ)從句，作表語(yǔ)。When引導的是定語(yǔ)從句。意思是：學(xué)校發(fā)生了巨大的變化，⑷It remains _____whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in
the finals. (2006浙江)
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
【題解】B正確。It作為形式主語(yǔ)，whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals是真正的主語(yǔ)，是被看到的事情，所以要用to be seen，不定式作為remain的表語(yǔ)。
⑸Tom sounds very much _____in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. (2006安徽)
A. interested B. interesting
C. interestedly D. interestingly
【題解】A正確。Sound是連系動(dòng)詞，后面接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。Interested和 interesting都是形容詞，但是interesting表示本身有趣味，而interested表示讓人引起興趣的，用來(lái)形容人。從句中可以看出是：湯姆對工作感興趣，所以A正確。
17. 英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的可以作賓語(yǔ)的有：
⑴名詞 ⑵代詞 ⑶數詞 ⑷介詞短語(yǔ)
⑸現在分詞 ⑹過(guò)去分詞 ⑺動(dòng)名詞 ⑻不定式
⑼從句 ⑽it (形式主語(yǔ))
【點(diǎn)擊高考】
⑴I’d appreciate _____if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006山東)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
【題解】B正確。It作為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的從句if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 意思是：如果你能教我怎樣用電腦，我將非常感激。
⑵He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ____ his teammates had done. (2006上海)
A. what B. which C. why D. while
【題解】A正確。what引導從句作mention的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)what又在從句中充當had done的賓語(yǔ)。
⑶When asked by the police he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but not _____. (2005北京)
A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
【題解】C正確。remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事；remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事。從句中可以看出arriving 及l(fā)eaving做remembered賓語(yǔ)。
⑷I prefer a flat in Inverness to _____in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom’s. (2005天津)
A. one B. that C. it D. this
【題解】A正確。one作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。
實(shí)戰演練
I. 單項填空
( )1.The cost of living in Beijing is among the lowest in China, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A. since B. when C. as D. while
【題解】D正確。While此處是一個(gè)表轉折意義的連詞，表示“雖然，但是”。The cost of living和 the quality of life形成一種對比。
( )2. Mr. Smith made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. have set up
C. setting up D. having set up
【題解】考查的是短語(yǔ)devote…to 的用法，to 是介詞，句中的he had是定語(yǔ)從句，故而排除A、B兩項。所
以C項正確。
( )3. Whether you will be admitted to a key university _____ how hard you work.
A. depends on B. leads to C. lies on D. results in
【題解】A正確。depend on 依靠；依賴(lài) lead to 導致
lie on 位于；如果要表示“在于”應該用lie in ；result in
導致。根據意思：你是否將被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)所錄取要看你有多么努力。所以正確答案為A。
( )4. I can’t stand _____with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ____talking while she works. (2006北京)
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
【題解】C項正確。stand意為“忍受”，后面接動(dòng)詞-ing 形式做賓語(yǔ)，表示忍受做某事。而refuse to do 拒絕做某事。所以正確答案為C。
( )5. American people eat _____vegetables per person today as they did in 1990.
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
【題解】正確答案為D。more than放在twice之前表示兩倍多。
( )6. Once _____, this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.
A. it being completed B. it completed
C. completed D. it completes
【題解】正確答案為C。Once completed= Once the power station is completed. 主語(yǔ)一致，并且含有be動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，所以C為正確答案。
( )7. The people present at the dinner party are _____the host’s friends and relatives. It went on in _____most pleasant atmosphere until deep into night.
A. most; the B. mostly; a
C. mostly; the D. most; a
【題解】B正確。 句意為：出席這次晚宴的人大都是主人的朋友和親戚，宴會(huì )在一種愉快的氣氛中進(jìn)行到深夜。第一個(gè)結構選擇，而第二個(gè)選擇不是表示最高級，而是表“非�！�，所以選擇B。
( )8. _____with so much difficulty, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
【題解】答案為A。be faced with 此處為系表結構，意思是“面臨著(zhù)”。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)用時(shí)，要用faced with。
( )9. So difficult ____it to work out the problem that I decided to ask my teacher for help.
A. I did find B. did I find
C. I have found D. have I found
【題解】B正確。so + adj./adv. 置于句首時(shí)要采用部分倒裝。句子的時(shí)態(tài)應該是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以正確答案為B。
( )10.I find___necessary___us to remember many idioms.
A. it；of B. it；for C. this；for D. that；of
【題解】B正確。第一個(gè)it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式to remember many idioms。意思是：我發(fā)現記一些習語(yǔ)是非常必要的。
( )11.-_____that Mary managed to get the information?
-Oh, a friend of hers helped her.
A. Where was it B. What was it
C. How was it D. Why was it
【題解】C正確。此題考查的是強調句型It was …that …，強調how，所以變成How was it that …。所以C正確。
（ ）12. Little ____ that Tom will come to take part in the birthday party to be held next Sunday.
A. do I believe B. I do believe
C. I believed D. have I believed
【題解】A正確。Little 是否定詞，以否定詞開(kāi)頭的句子要實(shí)行部分倒裝，故A正確。
（ ）13.To understand the grammar of the difficult sentence, you’d better break it ______ into parts.
A. down B. up C. off D. out
【題解】A正確。break down毀掉，分解；break up打破，打碎；break off 中斷，停止；break out 爆發(fā)。本句意思是：要明白這個(gè)難句的語(yǔ)法現象，你最好把句子分成幾個(gè)部分。所以正確答案為A。
( )14. _____the lecture given by the professor, some students left the lecture hall.
A. Tire with B. Fed up with
C. Tiring with D. Tiring of
【題解】正確答案為B。be tired of / be fed up with 意思都可以表示“對……感到厭煩”，所以只有B正確。
( )15. Some procedures involved in the manufacture of this product are_____procedures conducted in producing TV sets.
A. same as B. resemble C. alike D. similar to
【題解】D正確。Be similar to 與……相似。
II.完形填空
Bird flu is becoming a new threat against human beings as well as birds. 1 , as the World Health Organization (WHO) says, fears 2 worldwide that the bird flu virus could change into a more 3 form. At Shanghai’s Pudong International Airport, all 4 leaving or entering must complete a(an) 5 declaration(申報) form that asks if travelers have had close 6 with birds or bird flu 7 over the past week.
They will also be screened with a special camera for high 8 , and must declare coughing or shortness of 9 . People with temperatures over 38 degrees will be further 10 .
At least 68 11 have died form bird flu since 2003. So far, most human cases of the disease are concerned in contact with 12 birds. But experts fear a human flu pandemic (傳染病) will break out 13 the deadly bird flu virus changes into a 14 that spread easily between people.
China, which has more 15 than any other country, has called bird flu a “serious pandemic”. It has reported 22 outbreaks among birds so far, and three confirmed human cases of bird flu. Two of them died and one was 16 .
The preventive 17 , announced in a notice on the Government’s website, are similar to those required during the 2003 outbreak of SARS, which- 18 bird flu - spread easily from person to person.
The WHO points out that the main route (途徑) of human infection by the bird flu virus is 19 contact with sick birds, and that transmission form person to person requires very close contact with a sick 20 .
( )1 A. However B. Instead
C. Therefore D. Otherwise
( )2 A. grow B. decrease C. remain D. vary
( )3 A. common B. formal
C. important D. powerful
( )4 A. farmers B. passengers C. adults D.clerks
( )5 A. safety B. luggage
C. health D. identity
( )6 A. contact B. relation
C. connection D. communication
( )7 A. doctors B. patients
C. viruses D. dangers
( )8 A. temperatures B. spirits
C. crimes D. possibilities
( )9 A. rest B. treatment C. breath D. care
( )10 A. treated B. observed
C. suspected D. examined
( )11 A. travelers B. people
C .ducks D. animals
( )12 A. killed B. unknown
C. rejected D. infected
( )13 A. because B. though C. if D. while
( )14 A. form B. sickness C. disaster D. pain
( )15 A. diseases B. chickens C. hospitals D. fears
( )16 A. injured B. disabled C. discovered D. cured
( )17 A. medicines B. effects C. measures D. areas
( )18 A. as B. unlike C. besides D. with
( )19 A. direct B. private
C. proper D. sudden
( )20 A. person B. friend C. visitor D. bird
【題解】
1.C therefore 因此，所以 however 然而instead 相反，代替otherwise 否則。從文章知道前面是原因，后面結果，所以選C。
2.A grow 漸漸變得 decrease 減少remain保持，依舊是 vary改變，變更。意思“禽流感引起全世界的恐慌�！�
3.D 強大的，有力的
4.B 因為是在機場(chǎng)，所以應該考慮是乘客。
5.C 根據文章知道是健康申報表。
6.A contact接觸。
7.B 句意：是否和禽類(lèi)及禽流感有過(guò)接觸。所以B正確。
8.A 因為禽流感患者有發(fā)燒癥狀，所以選A。
9.C 發(fā)燒、咳嗽及呼吸急促都是其癥狀。
10.D be further examined被進(jìn)一步檢查。
11.B 根據意思可得知：68人已經(jīng)死于禽流感。
12.D infected 被感染的.
13.C if 如果。
14.A 從a powerful form 可得知。
15.B 雞或家禽。
16.D cured 被治愈的符合題意。injured 受傷 disabled 殘疾的 discovered 被發(fā)現的。
17.C 意為：預防性的措施。
18.B unlike 不相似的。
19.A direct 直接的；direct contact直接接觸。
20.A 禽流感的傳播要求和患者有近距離的接觸。
Ⅲ. 閱讀理解
For an increased number of students at American Universities, old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs. Coupled with the aging of the baby-boom(生育高峰) generation, a long life span means that the nation’s elderly population is sure to increase greatly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995.
The change brings big questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. “In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,” says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California’s(USC)School of Gerontology (老年學(xué)).
Lawyers can specialize in “Elder law”, which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing–home abuse and age discrimination. Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market.“Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money, ”one professor says.
Margarine Santos is 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria”. So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she liked it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.”
( )1. The best title for the passage should be _____.
A. The Graying of America B. Gerontology
C. Aging and Job Opportunities D. Elder Law
( )2. The underlined sentence in Para 1 most probably means __.
A. America has suddenly become a nation of old people
B. gerontology has suddenly become popular
C. more elderly professors are found on American campuses
D. American college have realized the need of admitting older students
( )3. With the aging of America, lawyer can benefit ____.
A. from building nursing homes for the elderly
B. from providing special services to the elderly
C. by enriching their professional knowledge
D. by winning the trust of the elderly
( )4. It can be seen from the passage that the increasing of America’s elderly population ______.
A. will bring good chances to people in many areas
B. will put an unbearable burden on society
C. may lead to nursing home abuse and age prejudice
D. will create new fields of study in university
【題解】
1.C 主旨大意題， 通讀全文可得知。
2.B 猜測句意題。由下句“美國的白發(fā)即老年人意味著(zhù)工作”可知。
3.B細節判斷題。由第三段第一句話(huà)可知。
4.A 歸納總結題。根據最后兩段的內容可知美國老年人數的增加會(huì )給各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的人帶來(lái)好機會(huì )。
Ⅳ、書(shū)面表達
下面是有關(guān)中學(xué)生睡眠情況的調查表，請根據此表寫(xiě)一篇100字左右的短文。
項 目 內 容
日睡眠量 絕大多數不足7小時(shí)，有些甚至不足6小時(shí)，大大低于8小時(shí)的標準。
原 因 作業(yè)多；強調成績(jì)；忽視學(xué)生身心健康。
對 策 減少作業(yè)；關(guān)注學(xué)生身心健康。
One possibleversion：
According to a survey made last week, most middle school students only have an average of less than 7 hours’ sleep each night, less than required. There are several reasons for this. First of all, the students are burdened with too much homework. Another important reason is that schools and parents pay less attention to their sleep. But, in fact, this will be harmful to their health. So we must take some measures to stop this. First, less homework should be given to the students by teachers or parents. Second, more attention should be paid to their health. Third, the living conditions for them should be improved.